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【英語】高考英語單項(xiàng)選擇題精析

2007-09-03 22:18:04  來源:高考網(wǎng)

高考英語單項(xiàng)選擇題精析
  例1.--Is that the small town you often refer to? (2005福建卷)
  --Right,just the one____you know I used to work for years. 
  A.that   B.which C.where D.what 
  分析:答案是C。由語境和句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知,you know為插入語,將其去掉更易看出the one是指the small town,因此該空應(yīng)該填where引導(dǎo)定語從句。 
  例2 
  The managers discussed the plan that they would like to see______the next year.(NMET2000) 
  A.carried out  B.carrying out  C.carry out D.to carry out 
  分析:答案是A。本題考查結(jié)構(gòu)see something done用于定語從句中,something為關(guān)系代詞that。 
  例3 
  ---Each of the students,working hard at his orher lessons,______to go to university.   (1998上海卷)
  ---So do I. 
  A.hope B.hopes  C.hoping   D.hoped 
  分析:答案是B。認(rèn)真分析語境和句子結(jié)構(gòu),working hard at his orher lessons為插入語,如果將其去掉,不難發(fā)現(xiàn)該空應(yīng)填謂語動(dòng)詞形式hopes。 
  例4 
  The home improvements have taken what little there is______my spare time. (NMET2001)
  A.from   B.in   C.of   D.at 
   分析:答案是C。認(rèn)真分析語境和句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知,本題考查句型there is little of my spare time,但語序稍加變動(dòng)為what引導(dǎo)的感嘆句做賓語,而優(yōu)先了little。"what little"表示"那么少"。 

  ■命題者為了考查考生由此及彼、由表及里、去粗取精、去偽存真的能力,往往在單項(xiàng)選擇題題干中設(shè)置多元結(jié)構(gòu),解題時(shí)一定要從多元成分中清理出題眼所考查的句子結(jié)構(gòu)。 
  例5 
 Mom is coming.What present_________for your birthday? (2005福建卷)
  A.you expect you have got   B.you expect has she got 
  C.do you expect she has got   D.do you expect has she got 
   分析:答案是C。由語境和句子結(jié)構(gòu)得知,后一句為帶插入語do you expect的特殊疑問句,插入語后面內(nèi)容應(yīng)視為賓語從句且采用陳述語序。 
  例6 
  It is what you do rather than what you say______matters. 
  A.that   B.what   C.which   D.this 
  (2005天津卷) 
  分析:答案是A。由語境和句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知,該句為強(qiáng)調(diào)句型,被強(qiáng)調(diào)部分是由rather than連接的并列主語從句擔(dān)當(dāng)。 
  例7 
  The old couple have been married for 40 years and never once_____with each other.   (NMET2003) 
  A.they had quarreled B.they have quarreled
   C.have they quarreled D.had they quarreled
  分析:答案是C。認(rèn)真分析題干結(jié)構(gòu)可知,本題考查and引導(dǎo)的并列句,第二句分句由never引導(dǎo),解題時(shí)可將先進(jìn)個(gè)分句及and視為不存在,這樣整個(gè)句子就成為never開頭引導(dǎo)的倒裝句型。 
  例8 
  It is the ability to do the job ______matters,not where you come from or what you are.   (NMET2000) 
  A.one   B.that   C.what   D.it 
  分析:答案是B。認(rèn)真分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)和語境可知,本題主干為It is A (It is) not B"是而不是"。這是兩個(gè)并列的強(qiáng)調(diào)句。第二個(gè)強(qiáng)調(diào)句用的是省略結(jié)構(gòu),先進(jìn)個(gè)強(qiáng)調(diào)句的被強(qiáng)調(diào)部分是空格所缺的詞語,原句為The ability to do the job matters(做這件事的能力很重要)。 

  ■不少單項(xiàng)選擇題考點(diǎn)為難度極小的簡單句,但命題者為了考查考生應(yīng)變能力,往往將簡單句改為感嘆句、強(qiáng)調(diào)句或省略句,解題時(shí)應(yīng)通過句型分析弄清題干的來龍去脈,還原簡單句其本來面目。 
  例9 
  _____role she played in the film!No wonder she has won an Oscar.  (2002春上海卷)
  A.How interesting   B.How an interesting 
  C.What interesting   D.What an interesting 
  分析:答案是D。本題的考點(diǎn)為簡單句She played an interesting role in the film.命題者將該句改為感嘆句。 
  例10 
  --What do you think made Mary so upset? 
  --____her new bicycle.   (1997上海卷) 
 A.As she lost   B.Lost   C.Losing   D.Because of losing 
  分析:答案是C。本題的考點(diǎn)為簡單句:--her new bicycle made her soupset.命題者將該句略為省略句,將made Mary so upset在答語中省略但在問句中體現(xiàn)。經(jīng)過分析不難發(fā)現(xiàn),該空格應(yīng)填主語,應(yīng)由動(dòng)名詞擔(dān)當(dāng)。 
  例11 
  It was only with the help of the local guide______. 
  A.was the mountain climber rescued 
  B.that the mountain climber was rescued 
  C.when the mountain climber was rescued 
  D.then the mountain climber was rescued 
  (2004春上海卷) 
  分析:答案是B。本題考點(diǎn)為簡單句The mountain climber was rescued only with the help of the local guide.命題者將該句改為強(qiáng)調(diào)句型,被強(qiáng)調(diào)的部分為介詞短語only with the help of the local guide。 

  ■不少單項(xiàng)選擇題題干結(jié)構(gòu)和備選答案迷惑性強(qiáng),他們以似曾相識(shí)的題干易使考生受思維定勢影響而迅速做出錯(cuò)誤判斷。解題時(shí)應(yīng)排除思維定勢干擾,仔細(xì)分析每個(gè)被自己排除的答案的理由,同時(shí)認(rèn)真分析似曾相識(shí)的題干是否有什么變化并盡可能弄清來龍去脈,從而成功破題。 
  例12 
  The country life he was used to______greatly since 1992. 
  (2005山東卷) 
  A.change   B.has changed    C.changing  D.have changed
  分析:答案是B。分析語境和句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知,he was used to為定語從句,修飾先行詞the country life。此空格應(yīng)填謂語動(dòng)詞。Since 1992為現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)的標(biāo)志,因此該空格應(yīng)填has changed?忌资躧e was used to的影響而誤選C。 
  例13 
  Mr.Reed made up his mind to devote all he had to______some schools for poor children. 
  A.setup   B.setting up   C.have set up  D.having set up
  分析:答案是B?忌赡軙(huì)抓住"he had to"而選擇A,因?yàn)樗麄儗?duì)had to do something的結(jié)構(gòu)太熟悉了。其實(shí),句中had to與set up并不構(gòu)成搭配,因?yàn)閔e had為定語從句修飾先行詞all,setup與devote all … to構(gòu)成搭配,即devote all to setting up(to為介詞),所以答案是B。 
  例14 
  --Who is Jerry cooper?   (NMET1997)
  --____?I saw you shaking hands with him at the meeting. 
  A.Don’t you meet him yet    B.Hadn’t you met him yet 
  C.Didn’t you meet him yet  D.Haven’t you met him yet
    分析:答案是D。讀完原句不難理解答語應(yīng)用完成時(shí)態(tài)表示"你還沒有見過他嗎?"到底用現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)還是過去完成時(shí)?不少考生肯定會(huì)用標(biāo)準(zhǔn)對(duì)照時(shí)間點(diǎn)來區(qū)別,于是便從選項(xiàng)中找到"saw"并作為標(biāo)準(zhǔn)對(duì)照時(shí)間點(diǎn)來使用過去完成時(shí),相對(duì)于過去某一時(shí)刻已經(jīng)完成的動(dòng)作,其實(shí)該句為對(duì)話題,其標(biāo)準(zhǔn)對(duì)照時(shí)間點(diǎn)應(yīng)為現(xiàn)在,因此該空應(yīng)用現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)。 
  例15 
  As we joined the big crowd,I got_______from my friends.   (NMET2001) 
  A.separated   B.spared   C.lost   D.missed 
  分析:答案是A。不少考生可能抓住空格前面的got而選擇C,因?yàn)樵谒麄兊挠洃浿校芎蚲et構(gòu)成短語的只有g(shù)et lost(迷路),如果將got改為was,選擇答案A的可能性大大增加,因?yàn)橐环矫嫠鼧?gòu)成了正確的語法結(jié)構(gòu)---被動(dòng)語態(tài),另一方面,這樣選也符合語境:當(dāng)我們加入人群時(shí),我和我的朋友分開了。其實(shí)本題改變之處在于將be done換成了get done來構(gòu)成被動(dòng)語態(tài),這樣A,B,C,D四個(gè)選項(xiàng)從語法結(jié)構(gòu)上都講得通,因?yàn)樗鼈兌紭?gòu)成了被動(dòng)語態(tài),但結(jié)合語境只能選A,表示"加入人群后,我和朋友分開"。

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