高考英語(yǔ)單項(xiàng)選擇題精析
例1.--Is that the small town you often refer to? (2005福建卷)
--Right,just the one____you know I used to work for years.
A.that B.which C.where D.what
分析:答案是C。由語(yǔ)境和句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知,you know為插入語(yǔ),將其去掉更易看出the one是指the small town,因此該空應(yīng)該填where引導(dǎo)定語(yǔ)從句。
例2
The managers discussed the plan that they would like to see______the next year.(NMET2000)
A.carried out B.carrying out C.carry out D.to carry out
分析:答案是A。本題考查結(jié)構(gòu)see something done用于定語(yǔ)從句中,something為關(guān)系代詞that。
例3
---Each of the students,working hard at his orher lessons,______to go to university. (1998上海卷)
---So do I.
A.hope B.hopes C.hoping D.hoped
分析:答案是B。認(rèn)真分析語(yǔ)境和句子結(jié)構(gòu),working hard at his orher lessons為插入語(yǔ),如果將其去掉,不難發(fā)現(xiàn)該空應(yīng)填謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞形式hopes。
例4
The home improvements have taken what little there is______my spare time. (NMET2001)
A.from B.in C.of D.at
分析:答案是C。認(rèn)真分析語(yǔ)境和句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知,本題考查句型there is little of my spare time,但語(yǔ)序稍加變動(dòng)為what引導(dǎo)的感嘆句做賓語(yǔ),而優(yōu)先了little。"what little"表示"那么少"。
■命題者為了考查考生由此及彼、由表及里、去粗取精、去偽存真的能力,往往在單項(xiàng)選擇題題干中設(shè)置多元結(jié)構(gòu),解題時(shí)一定要從多元成分中清理出題眼所考查的句子結(jié)構(gòu)。
例5
Mom is coming.What present_________for your birthday? (2005福建卷)
A.you expect you have got B.you expect has she got
C.do you expect she has got D.do you expect has she got
分析:答案是C。由語(yǔ)境和句子結(jié)構(gòu)得知,后一句為帶插入語(yǔ)do you expect的特殊疑問(wèn)句,插入語(yǔ)后面內(nèi)容應(yīng)視為賓語(yǔ)從句且采用陳述語(yǔ)序。
例6
It is what you do rather than what you say______matters.
A.that B.what C.which D.this
(2005天津卷)
分析:答案是A。由語(yǔ)境和句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知,該句為強(qiáng)調(diào)句型,被強(qiáng)調(diào)部分是由rather than連接的并列主語(yǔ)從句擔(dān)當(dāng)。
例7
The old couple have been married for 40 years and never once_____with each other. (NMET2003)
A.they had quarreled B.they have quarreled
C.have they quarreled D.had they quarreled
分析:答案是C。認(rèn)真分析題干結(jié)構(gòu)可知,本題考查and引導(dǎo)的并列句,第二句分句由never引導(dǎo),解題時(shí)可將先進(jìn)個(gè)分句及and視為不存在,這樣整個(gè)句子就成為never開(kāi)頭引導(dǎo)的倒裝句型。
例8
It is the ability to do the job ______matters,not where you come from or what you are. (NMET2000)
A.one B.that C.what D.it
分析:答案是B。認(rèn)真分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)和語(yǔ)境可知,本題主干為It is A (It is) not B"是而不是"。這是兩個(gè)并列的強(qiáng)調(diào)句。第二個(gè)強(qiáng)調(diào)句用的是省略結(jié)構(gòu),先進(jìn)個(gè)強(qiáng)調(diào)句的被強(qiáng)調(diào)部分是空格所缺的詞語(yǔ),原句為T(mén)he ability to do the job matters(做這件事的能力很重要)。
■不少單項(xiàng)選擇題考點(diǎn)為難度極小的簡(jiǎn)單句,但命題者為了考查考生應(yīng)變能力,往往將簡(jiǎn)單句改為感嘆句、強(qiáng)調(diào)句或省略句,解題時(shí)應(yīng)通過(guò)句型分析弄清題干的來(lái)龍去脈,還原簡(jiǎn)單句其本來(lái)面目。
例9
_____role she played in the film!No wonder she has won an Oscar. (2002春上海卷)
A.How interesting B.How an interesting
C.What interesting D.What an interesting
分析:答案是D。本題的考點(diǎn)為簡(jiǎn)單句She played an interesting role in the film.命題者將該句改為感嘆句。
例10
--What do you think made Mary so upset?
--____her new bicycle. (1997上海卷)
A.As she lost B.Lost C.Losing D.Because of losing
分析:答案是C。本題的考點(diǎn)為簡(jiǎn)單句:--her new bicycle made her soupset.命題者將該句略為省略句,將made Mary so upset在答語(yǔ)中省略但在問(wèn)句中體現(xiàn)。經(jīng)過(guò)分析不難發(fā)現(xiàn),該空格應(yīng)填主語(yǔ),應(yīng)由動(dòng)名詞擔(dān)當(dāng)。
例11
It was only with the help of the local guide______.
A.was the mountain climber rescued
B.that the mountain climber was rescued
C.when the mountain climber was rescued
D.then the mountain climber was rescued
(2004春上海卷)
分析:答案是B。本題考點(diǎn)為簡(jiǎn)單句The mountain climber was rescued only with the help of the local guide.命題者將該句改為強(qiáng)調(diào)句型,被強(qiáng)調(diào)的部分為介詞短語(yǔ)only with the help of the local guide。
■不少單項(xiàng)選擇題題干結(jié)構(gòu)和備選答案迷惑性強(qiáng),他們以似曾相識(shí)的題干易使考生受思維定勢(shì)影響而迅速做出錯(cuò)誤判斷。解題時(shí)應(yīng)排除思維定勢(shì)干擾,仔細(xì)分析每個(gè)被自己排除的答案的理由,同時(shí)認(rèn)真分析似曾相識(shí)的題干是否有什么變化并盡可能弄清來(lái)龍去脈,從而成功破題。
例12
The country life he was used to______greatly since 1992.
(2005山東卷)
A.change B.has changed C.changing D.have changed
分析:答案是B。分析語(yǔ)境和句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知,he was used to為定語(yǔ)從句,修飾先行詞the country life。此空格應(yīng)填謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞。Since 1992為現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)的標(biāo)志,因此該空格應(yīng)填has changed?忌资躧e was used to的影響而誤選C。
例13
Mr.Reed made up his mind to devote all he had to______some schools for poor children.
A.setup B.setting up C.have set up D.having set up
分析:答案是B?忌赡軙(huì)抓住"he had to"而選擇A,因?yàn)樗麄儗?duì)had to do something的結(jié)構(gòu)太熟悉了。其實(shí),句中had to與set up并不構(gòu)成搭配,因?yàn)閔e had為定語(yǔ)從句修飾先行詞all,setup與devote all … to構(gòu)成搭配,即devote all to setting up(to為介詞),所以答案是B。
例14
--Who is Jerry cooper? (NMET1997)
--____?I saw you shaking hands with him at the meeting.
A.Don’t you meet him yet B.Hadn’t you met him yet
C.Didn’t you meet him yet D.Haven’t you met him yet
分析:答案是D。讀完原句不難理解答語(yǔ)應(yīng)用完成時(shí)態(tài)表示"你還沒(méi)有見(jiàn)過(guò)他嗎?"到底用現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)還是過(guò)去完成時(shí)?不少考生肯定會(huì)用標(biāo)準(zhǔn)對(duì)照時(shí)間點(diǎn)來(lái)區(qū)別,于是便從選項(xiàng)中找到"saw"并作為標(biāo)準(zhǔn)對(duì)照時(shí)間點(diǎn)來(lái)使用過(guò)去完成時(shí),相對(duì)于過(guò)去某一時(shí)刻已經(jīng)完成的動(dòng)作,其實(shí)該句為對(duì)話(huà)題,其標(biāo)準(zhǔn)對(duì)照時(shí)間點(diǎn)應(yīng)為現(xiàn)在,因此該空應(yīng)用現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)。
例15
As we joined the big crowd,I got_______from my friends. (NMET2001)
A.separated B.spared C.lost D.missed
分析:答案是A。不少考生可能抓住空格前面的got而選擇C,因?yàn)樵谒麄兊挠洃浿校芎蚲et構(gòu)成短語(yǔ)的只有g(shù)et lost(迷路),如果將got改為was,選擇答案A的可能性大大增加,因?yàn)橐环矫嫠鼧?gòu)成了正確的語(yǔ)法結(jié)構(gòu)---被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài),另一方面,這樣選也符合語(yǔ)境:當(dāng)我們加入人群時(shí),我和我的朋友分開(kāi)了。其實(shí)本題改變之處在于將be done換成了get done來(lái)構(gòu)成被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài),這樣A,B,C,D四個(gè)選項(xiàng)從語(yǔ)法結(jié)構(gòu)上都講得通,因?yàn)樗鼈兌紭?gòu)成了被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài),但結(jié)合語(yǔ)境只能選A,表示"加入人群后,我和朋友分開(kāi)"。