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08高考英語(yǔ)復(fù)習(xí):使用名詞要"義"準(zhǔn)"數(shù)"清

2008-02-03 09:45:22  來源:網(wǎng)絡(luò) 文章作者:段勝利

  例五:Of the seven days in the a week, Saturday is said to be the most popular ____ for a wedding in some countries.

  A. way B. situation

  C. event D. choice

  答案D?疾楫惲x詞的辨識(shí)。在一周的七天中,星期六是人們較喜歡的“選擇”,因此,使用choice一詞。

  例六:Despite such a big difference in towards what one eats, there is no doubt that people in the west regard the Chinese food as something special.

  A. point B. idea

  C. attitude D. sight

  答案C?疾槊~的搭配!啊璽owards…”考查名詞的搭配結(jié)構(gòu)!癮ttitude towards…”……的態(tài)度。其他三個(gè)選項(xiàng)一般不搭配這個(gè)介詞。

  例七:I can’t say which wine is best—it’s a (n)________ of personal taste.

  A.affair B.event

  C.matter D.variety

  答案C?疾槊~的搭配!啊玛P(guān)個(gè)人的口味”,選擇a matter of。

  例八:Zhenghe made several _______across the oceans to look for new continents.

  A. journeys B. trips

  C. voyages D. travels

  答案C?疾橥x詞區(qū)別。幾個(gè)選項(xiàng)詞義都是旅行,但只有voyages和海上旅行有關(guān)。

  例九:Anna’s father showed too much to her little brother, which made her unhappy.

  A.action B.favour

  C.manner D.will

  答案B。考查異義詞的辨識(shí)。favour喜歡,喜愛。

  例十:——What a pleasant ______ these trees give us!

  ——Why not stop here and have a rest in it?

  A. shadow B. shade

  C. scene D. place

  答案B?疾榻x詞區(qū)別。shade為“遮陰地”,shadow為“影子”。

  例十一:I haven't got a single _____ from Aunt Mary since I last saw her.

  A. advice B. news

  C. message D. information

  答案C?疾槊~“數(shù)”的判斷。advice ,news , information均為不可數(shù)名詞,不能用不定冠詞來直接限定。

  例十二:“I don’t think it’s my ________that the TV blew up.I just turned it on,that’s all,”said the boy.

  A.error B.mistake

  C.fault D.duty

  答案C?疾橥x詞辨析。fault側(cè)重于造成差錯(cuò)的主觀責(zé)任;error、mistake側(cè)重于“錯(cuò)誤”這一客觀事實(shí);而duty則是指責(zé)任、義務(wù)、該做的事。

  二、名詞“數(shù)”清,詞義才能記準(zhǔn)

  學(xué)習(xí)名詞,同學(xué)們一般都是只注意名詞的“義”,往往會(huì)忽略名詞的“數(shù)”;有時(shí)是注意“數(shù)”了,但卻是用漢語(yǔ)“數(shù)”的概念來想英語(yǔ)單詞的“數(shù)”,于是就出現(xiàn)了許多典型的錯(cuò)誤。

  例:Father went to his doctor for ______ about his heart trouble.

  A.an advice B.advice

  C.advices D.the advices

  答案B。advice為不可數(shù)名詞,不能直接用不定冠詞限定,也不能使用復(fù)數(shù)。本題容易誤選A和C。

  英語(yǔ)里,名詞有“可數(shù)名詞(countable noun)”和“不可數(shù)名詞(uncountable noun)” 之分,而可數(shù)名詞又有“單數(shù)(singular form)”和“復(fù)數(shù)(plural form)”之別。學(xué)習(xí)名詞,首先要注意其分類標(biāo)注。名詞詞義的區(qū)別和一詞多義,都是建立在名詞分類基礎(chǔ)上的。

  過去我們?cè)?jīng)認(rèn)為有些不可數(shù)名詞可轉(zhuǎn)化為可數(shù)名詞,其實(shí),那并不是“轉(zhuǎn)化”的問題,而是這個(gè)名詞本身就兼有不可數(shù)和可數(shù)兩種屬性,而這兩種屬性下,其詞義自然就有不同。

  例:Every year the school consumes lots of ____ to print examination _______.

  A. paper; papers

  B. paper; paper

  C. papers; papers

  D papers; paper

  答案A。paper做不可數(shù)名詞是“紙張”的意思,而做可數(shù)名詞是“試題、報(bào)紙、文件”的意思。

  因此,識(shí)記名詞首先要看分類屬性,然后再記詞義。在理解和把握名詞的“數(shù)”時(shí),還要注意下面幾個(gè)問題:

  1.“少有的”不可數(shù)名詞

  英語(yǔ)中,有些不可數(shù)名詞,如:fun,progress等,是“從一而終”的,也就是說,在任何情況下都不能用不定冠詞(a/an)和數(shù)詞限定。

  例一:_____ fun it is to jump into a pool or go swimming in summer!

  A. What a B. How

  C. How a D. What

  答案D。本題容易誤選A。

  例二:But back then, it was a huge ____ , especially when compared with the car mobile phones that had been in use since the 1940s.

  A. progress B. mistake

  C. advancement D. failure

  答案C。本題容易誤選A。

  2.具體化了的不可數(shù)名詞

  屬于不可數(shù)名詞的有些抽象名詞,可以具體化。這時(shí),它的前面要用不定冠詞修飾。如:

  rain(雨)一a heavy rain(一場(chǎng)大雨),

  swim(游泳)一have a swim(去游泳)

  knowledge(知識(shí))一a good knowledge of French(對(duì)法語(yǔ)很好的了解和熟悉)

  例 Many people agree that ___ knowledge of English is a must in ___ international trade today.

  A.a; / B.the; an

  C.the; the D./; the

  答案A。作為抽象名詞的knowledge,在這里表示“知道;熟悉”,被具體化了。

  3.名詞身有兩性,即兼有可數(shù)和不可數(shù)性

  英語(yǔ)里有很多名詞既可以是可數(shù)的,又可以是不可數(shù)的。有時(shí)意思相近,但更多的是語(yǔ)義大相徑庭。

  例一:The teacher asked his students to help the old lady to do some housework and they made a good _____ of it.

  A. job B. work

  C. task D. justice

  答案A。本題容易誤選B。work當(dāng)“工作”“活兒”講時(shí),是不可數(shù)名詞,不能用不定冠詞來限定。

  例二:He gained his______ by printing _______of famous writers.

  A.wealth; work[!--empirenews.page--]

  B.wealths; works

  C.wealths; work

  D.wealth; works

  答案D。wealth 指“財(cái)富”,是不可數(shù)名詞;復(fù)數(shù)形式的works,指文學(xué)、藝術(shù)作品。

  例三:Mr. Johnson used to work in the ___ department of the chemical ____.

  A. sale; work

  B. sales; work

  C. sales; works

  D. sale; works

  答案C。復(fù)數(shù)形式的works可以指工廠(factory)。the chemical works指化工廠。

  例四:____ came that they had ___ with each other for the property division.

  A. Words; word

  B. Word; word

  C. Word; words

  D. Words; words

  答案C。不可數(shù)形式的word指的是“消息”,而可數(shù)的word的復(fù)數(shù)形式在這里指“爭(zhēng)吵”。

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