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中考英語(yǔ)語(yǔ)法難點(diǎn)大全之一:形容詞和副詞

2008-12-08 16:33:26  來(lái)源:英語(yǔ)教師網(wǎng)

  (一) 形容詞和副詞

  I. 要點(diǎn)

  A. 形容詞

  1、 形容詞的用法

  形容詞是用來(lái)修飾、描繪名詞的,通常在句中作定語(yǔ)、表語(yǔ)或賓補(bǔ),有時(shí)還可作狀語(yǔ)。如:

  He is honest and hardworking.

  I found the book interesting.

  某些形容詞與定冠詞連用表示一類人作主語(yǔ)時(shí),謂語(yǔ)通常用復(fù)數(shù)形式。如:

  The rich and the poor live in different parts of the city.

  The English like to be with their families.

  多個(gè)形容詞作定語(yǔ)修飾名詞的順序:

  冠詞+序數(shù)詞+基數(shù)詞+性質(zhì)狀態(tài)(描述性)+形狀大小+新舊老少+顏色+國(guó)籍+材料+名詞。如: the second five interesting big new red Chinese wall papers.

  2、 形容詞比較等級(jí)的形式

  (1) 規(guī)則形式

  一般說(shuō)來(lái),單音節(jié)詞及少數(shù)雙音節(jié)詞在后加-er; --est 來(lái)構(gòu)成比較級(jí)和更高級(jí);其他雙音節(jié)詞及多音節(jié)詞在前加more, most.如:

  great-greater-greatest

  busy-busier-busiest

  important-more important-(the)most important

  (2) 不規(guī)則形式

  good (well)-better-best

  bad (ill)-worse-worst

  many (much)-more-most

  little-less-least

  (3) 形容詞比較等級(jí)的用法

  ①表示兩者的比較,用形容詞的比較級(jí)+than. 如:

  He is cleverer than the other boys.

  This one is more beautiful than that one.

 、诒硎緝烧咭陨系谋容^,用"the +形容詞更高級(jí)(+名詞)+of(in) …"如:

  He is the cleverest boy in his class.

 、郾硎緝烧呤峭瘸潭,用"as +形容詞原級(jí)+as". 如:

  He is as tall as I.

  I have as many books as you.

  ④ 越… 越…

  例如:The more I learn, the happier I am.

 、 You can never be too careful. 越小心越好

  又如:You can never praise the teacher too highly.

  你怎么贊揚(yáng)這個(gè)老師也不過(guò)分。

 、 I have never spent a more worrying day.

  那一天是較令我擔(dān)心的一天。

  I have never had a better dinner.

  這是我吃過(guò)的較好的一頓飯。

 、 My English is no better than yours.

  我的英語(yǔ)和你的英語(yǔ)都不怎么樣。

  B.副詞

  1、 副詞的種類

  (1) 時(shí)間副詞 如:ago, before, already, just, now, early, late, finally, tomorrow等

  (2) 地點(diǎn)副詞 如:here, there, near, around, in, out, up, down, back, away, outside等。

  (3) 方式副詞 如:carefully, angrily, badly, calmly, loudly, quickly, politely, nervously等。

  (4) 程度副詞 如:almost, nearly, much, greatly, a bit, a little, hardly, so, very等。

  2、 副詞比較等級(jí)的用法

  其用法與形容詞相似,只是副詞更高級(jí)前可省略定冠詞。如:

  Of all the boys he sings (the) most beautifully.

  We must work harder.

  3、 某些副詞在用法上的區(qū)別

  (1) already, yet, still

  already表示某事物已經(jīng)發(fā)生,主要用于肯定句;yet表示期待某事發(fā)生,主要用于否定句和疑問句;still表示某事還在進(jìn)行,主要用于肯定句和疑問句,有時(shí)也可用于否定句。如:

  We've already watched that film.

  I haven't finished my homework yet.

  He still works until late every night.

  (2) too, as well, also, either

  too, as well和 also用于肯定句和疑問句,too和as well多用于口語(yǔ),一般放在句末,而also多用于書面語(yǔ),一般放在句中與動(dòng)詞連用。either用于否定句和否定的疑問句,往往放在句末。如:He went there too.

  He didn't go there either.

  I like you as well.

  I also went there.

  (3) hard, hardly

  hardly意為"幾乎"與hard在詞義上完全不同。如:

  I work hard every day.

  I can hardly remember that.

  (4) late, lately

  lately意為"較近、近來(lái)",late意為"晚、遲"。如:

  He never comes late.

  Have you been to the museum lately?

  例1 Tom's father thinks he is already ____

  A high enough  B tall enough

  C enough high  C enough tall

  解析:該題正確答案是B。修飾人高用tall, 而建筑物的高用high,并且enough修飾形容詞要放在形容詞后面。因此該題選B。

  例2 ____ the worse I seem to be.

  A When I take more medicine

  B The more medicine I take

  C Taking more of the medicine

  D More medicine taken

  解析:該題正確答案為B。"the+形容詞比較級(jí)+… , the +形容詞比較級(jí)+…"意為越…,越…。該句意為:吃的藥越多,我的病越是加重。

  例3"I haven't been to London yet".

  "I haven't been there ____".

  A too  B also  C either  D neither

  解析:該題正確答案為C。A和B都用于肯定句中。D-neither本身意為否定"兩者都不",而C-either則用于否定句中,意為"也"。

  例4 Mr Smith was ____ moved at the news.

  A deep  B deeply  C very deep  D quite deeply

  解析:該題正確答案為B。A. deep用于副詞時(shí),修飾具體的深,如dig deep,而B-deeply則修飾表示感情色彩的詞,如該題為deeply moved.另如deeply regret等。而D-quite和deeply均為副詞,不能互相修飾。

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