中考英語語法難點及常用詞類系列解讀

　　一.介詞

　　I. 要點

　　1、介詞和種類

　　(1) 簡單介詞，常用的有at, in, on, about, across, before, beside, for , to, without等。

　　(2) 復合介詞，如by means of, along with, because of, in front of, instead of等。

　　2、介詞和其他詞類的習慣搭配關系

　　(1) 和動詞的搭配，如agree with, ask for, belong to, break away from, care about等。

　　(2) 和形容詞的搭配，如afraid of, angry with, different from, good at

　　(3) 和名詞的搭配，如answer to , key to, reason for, cause of, visit to等.

　　3、介詞短語可以有自己的修飾語，這種修飾語通常有right, just, badly, all, well, directly, completely等少數(shù)幾個副詞。如：

　　He came right after dinner.

　　He lives directly opposite the school.

　　4、 某些介詞的意義與用法舉例

　　(1) at, on, in(表時間)

　　表示時間點用at,如at four o'clock, at midnight等;表示不確定的時間或短期假日也用at,如at that time, at Christmas等。

　　指某天用on, 如on Monday, on the end of November, 指某天的朝夕用on,如on Friday morning, on the afternoon of September lst等。

　　指長于或短于一天的時段用in,如in the afternoon, in February, in Summer, in 1999等。

　　(2) between, among(表位置)

　　between僅用于二者之間，但說三者或三者以上中的每兩個之間的相互關系時，也用between, 如

　　I'm sitting between Tom and Alice.

　　The village lies between three hills.

　　among用于三者或三者以上之間。如：

　　He is the best among the students.

　　(3) beside, besides

　　beside意為"在…旁邊"，而besides意為"除…之外"。如：

　　He sat beside me.

　　What do you want besides this?

　　(4)in the tree, on the tree

　　in the tree 指動物或人在樹上，而on the tree 指果實、樹葉長在樹上

　　(5)on the way, in the way, by the way, in this way

　　on the way 指在路上 in the way 指擋道

　　by the way 指順便問一句 in this way 用這樣的方法

　　(6)in the corner, at the corner

　　in the corner 指在拐角內 at the corner 指在拐角外

　　(7)in the morning, on the morning

　　in the morning 是一般說法 on the morning 特指某一天的早晨

　　(8)by bus, on the bus

　　by bus 是一般說法 on the bus 特指乘某一輛車

　　II. 例題

　　例1 Do you know any other foreign language____ English?

　　A except B but C beside D besides

　　解析：A、B兩項except等于but，意為"除了…"，C-beside意為"在…旁邊"，不符合題意。而D-besides, 　　意為"除了…之外，還有"。所以該題正確答案為D。該題意為：除了英語外，你還知道別的語言嗎?

　　例2 He suddenly returned ____ a rainy night.

　　A on B at C in D during

　　解析：我們均知道，at night這一短語，但如果night前有修飾詞，表具體的夜晚，則要用介詞on來修飾，故該題正確答案為A。

　　例3 I'm looking forward ____your letter.

　　A to B in C at D on

　　解析：該題正確答案為A。look forward to 為固定搭配，意為"期望、盼望"。

　　二. 連詞

　　I. 要點

　　1、 連詞的種類

　　(1) 并列連詞用來連接并列關系的詞、短語或分句，如and, for, or, both…and, either…or, neither…nor等。

　　(2) 從屬連詞用來引導從句，如that, if, whether, when, after, as soon as等。

　　除了從屬連詞(引導狀語從句)外，還有其它可以用來引導從句的詞類。它們是連接代詞和連接副詞(引導名詞性從句)，關系代詞和關系副詞(引導定語從句)。

　　2、 常用連詞舉例

　　(1)and 和，并且

　　They drank and sang all night.

　　(2) both…and 和， 既…也…

　　Both my parents and I went there.

　　(3) but 但是，而

　　I'm sad, but he is happy.

　　(4) either…or 或…或…， 要么…要么…

　　Either you're wrong, or I am.

　　(5) for因為

　　I asked him to stay, for I had something to tell him.

　　(6) however 然而，可是

　　Af first, he didn't want to go there. Later, however, he decided to go.

　　(7) neither…nor 既不…也不

　　Neither my parents nor my aunt agrees with you.

　　(8) not only…but(also) 不但…而且…

　　He not only sings well, but also dances well.

　　(9) or 或者，否則

　　Hurry up, or you'll be late.

　　Are you a worker or a doctor?

　　(10) so 因此，所以

　　It's getting late, so I must go.

　　(11) although 雖然

　　Although it was late, they went on working.

　　(12) as soon as 一 …就

　　I'll tell him as soon as I see him.

　　(13) because 因為

　　He didn't go to school, because he was ill.

　　(14)unless 除非，如果不

　　I won't go unless it is fine tomorrow.

　　(15)until 直到…

　　He didn't leave until eleven. (瞬間動詞用于not… until 結構)

　　He stayed there until eleven.

　　(16)while 當…時候，而 (表示對比)

　　While I stayed there, I met a friend of mine. (while后不可用瞬間動詞)

　　My pen is red while his is blue.

　　(17)for 因為

　　He was ill, for he didn't come. (結論是推斷出來的)

　　(18)since自從…

　　I have lived here since my uncle left.

　　(19)hardly… when 一… 就

　　I had hardly got to the station when the train left.

　　(20)as far as 就… 來說

　　As far as I know, that country is very small.

　　You may walk as far as the lake. (一直走到湖那里)

　　II. 例題

　　例1 John plays football ____, if not better than, David.

　　A as well B as well as C so well D so well as

　　解析：該題意為：John踢足球如果不比David好的話，那也踢得和David一樣好。 和…一樣好為as well as. 故該題正確答案為B。

　　例2 She thought I was talking about her daughter, ____, in fact, I was talking about my daughter.

　　A when B where C which D while

　　解析：該處意為"然而"，只有while有此意思，故選D。

　　例3 Would you like a cup of coffee ____ shall we get down to business right away?

　　A. and B. then C. or D. otherwise

　　解析：該處意為"或者"，正確答案為C。

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