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動(dòng)詞(verb.)動(dòng)詞表示主語的動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)
(一)動(dòng)詞的種類。 (1)及物動(dòng)詞vt,其后接賓語。eg.She wears a uniform.
。2)不及物動(dòng)詞vi,不接賓語。 eg :She can dance.
。3)連系動(dòng)詞like-v.接表語。eg.They are nurses.That sounds interesting.His mother looks young.
If you keep milk for too long, it goes bad.
(4)助動(dòng)詞aux--V.接動(dòng)詞原形或分詞(它無實(shí)在意思,只起語法作用)。eg, DO you like pandas?
He has gone to Australia.She is looking at the cat.
。5)情態(tài)動(dòng)詞mod-v.接動(dòng)詞原形(它不能單獨(dú)作謂語,有自己的意思,無人稱和數(shù)的變化)。
Eg. He must go now.You should clean the classroom after class.
。6)有些動(dòng)詞既可作及物動(dòng)詞,也可作助動(dòng)詞或不及物動(dòng)詞,be也可作助動(dòng)詞。
eg.I do my homework after class.(Vt.)Do as you like.(Vi.)She is a little bit quiet.(mod-v.)
She is swimming now.(aux-v.)
二)情態(tài)動(dòng)詞的用法 (一)can,could,may的用法
l .can/could(1)表示具有某種能力,意為“能,能夠,會(huì)”(could表過去)。
eg.I can sing English songs.Lisa can’t speak Japanese.She could swim when she was four years old.
。2)表示許:可、允許,意為“可以”。eg.--Can we watch TV now?—No, you can’t.
。3)表示請(qǐng)求某人做某事,意為“能,能夠”(用could使晤氣更委婉)。Can/Could you help me,please?
(4)表示推測(cè)“可能”,多用于否定句和疑問句中。(表肯定推測(cè)可用must,might,could等)
cg。it can’t be true.這不可能是真的。Where can he have gone?他可能會(huì)去哪兒呢?
2.may/might (1)表示許可、允許,意為“可以”,比can更正式。 May l use your pen?
May l ask you a question?我可以問你—個(gè)問題嗎?
(2)表示推測(cè)“可能”,用于肯定句和否定句,不能用于疑問句。He may be at home now.
She may not be there today.今天她可能不在那兒。
(二)can與be able to的區(qū)別
1.兩者都可以用來表示能力。eg.I can/am able to mend the bike.
2.can只有現(xiàn)在時(shí)(Can)和過去時(shí)(could),而be able to可用于多種時(shí)態(tài)。
eg. I will be able to come back in another few months.He hasn’t been able to get there before dark.
3.can可以表示推測(cè),但be able to不能。
eg.That can't be Gina's dictionary.那不可能是吉娜的詞典。
4.can與be able to;不能重復(fù)使用
eg.他能做好這件事。He can be able to do is well.(X)He can do it well.(√)He is able to do it well.(√)
。ㄈ﹎ust與have to的區(qū)別
1.主客觀方面不同。must表“義務(wù)”或“強(qiáng)制”,表示主觀的必要;在肯定句中must還可表推測(cè),語氣要比may肯定多。have to表“必須”或“不得不”,表示客觀的必要。
eg.We must clean the room.(表示我們認(rèn)為房間太臟了。)
We have to clean the room.(表示沒有人替我們打掃房間等客觀原因。)
He must beat home before supper。(他晚飯前一定在家。)
2.人稱和時(shí)態(tài)不同。must無人稱和時(shí)態(tài)的變化,一律用must十動(dòng)詞原形。have to后接動(dòng)詞原形,有人稱、數(shù)和時(shí)態(tài)的變化,一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)的第三人稱單數(shù)要用has to,過去時(shí)中要用had to,將來時(shí)中要用will have to。另外,have to還可與情態(tài)動(dòng)詞和助動(dòng)詞連用。eg: Tom must practice his guitar every day.The train has left.We'll have to wait for the next train.
3.否定式及意義不同。must not=mustn't“決不可/千萬不可/務(wù)必不要”;don’t/doesn’t/didn’t/won’t+ have to“不必”eg.We mustn’t tell jokes on him.我們千萬不可與他開玩笑。
We don’t have to tell jokes on him.我們不必和他開玩笑。在對(duì)May I…? 作否定回答時(shí)用No, you mustn’t/can’t.eg. May l go to the movies? NO,You mustn't
5.疑問式及回答不同。
Must+主語+動(dòng)詞原形+…? Yes,主語+ must./NO,主語+needn’t.
助動(dòng)詞+主語+have to+動(dòng)詞原形+…?
Yes,主語+助動(dòng)詞./No,主語+助動(dòng)詞+not.
eg.Must l go now? Yes,you must./NO,you needn’t
Does she have to go to the doctor? Yes,she does./NO,she doesn’t.
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