初中英語(yǔ)語(yǔ)法基本時(shí)態(tài)講與練

2010-05-27 11:12:56 　來(lái)源：博客

　　一般過(guò)去時(shí)主要表示過(guò)去某時(shí)發(fā)生的動(dòng)作或情況�？梢詮囊韵聨讉€(gè)方面來(lái)理解：1)過(guò)去某個(gè)時(shí)間所發(fā)生的動(dòng)作或存在的狀態(tài)。e.g. I bought a new shirt yesterday. He was a worker two years ago.2)過(guò)去一段時(shí)間內(nèi)，經(jīng)常性或習(xí)慣性的動(dòng)作。e.g. When I was a child,I often played with fire. Li Lei always walked to school last term.3)談到已故人的情況時(shí)多用過(guò)去時(shí)。e.g. Lu Xun was a great writer.4)有些發(fā)生時(shí)間不是很清楚的情況，實(shí)際是過(guò)去發(fā)生的，也應(yīng)用過(guò)去時(shí)態(tài)。e.g. What did you say?

　　另外，還可用過(guò)去時(shí)表示委婉的語(yǔ)氣。e.g. Could you lend me your pen?

　　其結(jié)構(gòu)是"主語(yǔ)+動(dòng)詞的過(guò)去式"。be動(dòng)詞的過(guò)去式為was, were;行為動(dòng)詞的過(guò)去式有規(guī)則變化和不規(guī)則變化兩種，規(guī)則變化有以下幾種情況：1)直接在動(dòng)詞原形末尾加-ed. e.g. work-----worked; ask------asked; 2)以e結(jié)尾的動(dòng)詞只加-d. e.g. arrive-----arrived; like-----liked.3)末尾只有一個(gè)輔音字母的重讀閉音節(jié),應(yīng)先雙寫(xiě)這個(gè)輔音字母,再加-ed. e.g. shop-----shopped; 4)以"輔音字母+y"結(jié)尾的動(dòng)詞,先把y變成i,再加-ed. e.g. carry----carried; study------studied.有些動(dòng)詞變過(guò)去式是不規(guī)則的,e.g. fly------flew; break-----broke; teach-----taught. 這些需要象生單詞一樣記住.

　　其句式變化分為兩種情況1)含有be動(dòng)詞的依然在be上做文章. e.g. I was born in 1980. I was not born in 1980. Were you born in 1980? 2)含有行為動(dòng)詞的變否定句要在行為動(dòng)詞前加助動(dòng)詞didn't.,同時(shí)把動(dòng)詞變成原形; 變一般疑問(wèn)句,在句首加助動(dòng)詞did,同時(shí)把動(dòng)詞變成原形. e.g. I bought a gift for my mum yesterday. I didn't buy a gift for my mum yesterday. Did you buy a gift for your mum yesterday?

　　其時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)為yesterday或由其構(gòu)成的短語(yǔ),e.g. yesterday morning; 由"last+時(shí)間"構(gòu)成的短語(yǔ), e.g. last year; 由"時(shí)間段+ago"構(gòu)成的短語(yǔ), e.g. three days ago; 另外,還有on the morning of Monday, just now等,以及一些表示過(guò)去時(shí)態(tài)的從句.注意,在賓語(yǔ)從句中主句為過(guò)去,一般從句也為過(guò)去.

　　自主檢測(cè):

　　(一 )選擇

　　1 She lived there before he____to China.

　　A. came B. comes C. come D. coming

　　2 I _____but_____nothing.

　　A . was listened;was hearing B. listened;heard

　　C . have listened; heard D. listened; heard of

　　3 When did you ____here?

　　A. got to B. reached C. arrive in D. reach

　　4 I____my homework at 7:00 yesterday evening.

　　A. finished B. would finish C. was finishing D. finish

　　5 -He didn't go shopping with you yesterday afternoon, did he?

　　- _______.

　　A. No, he doesn't B. Yes, he didn't C. No, he did D. Yes, he did.

　　6 -I have had supper.

　　- When ____you____it?

　　A. have; had B. do, have C. did,have D. will have

　　答案: 1 A 2 B 3 D 4 A 5 D 6 C

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