2016中考英語(yǔ)語(yǔ)法：主謂一致

2016-04-21 10:40:33 　來(lái)源：網(wǎng)絡(luò)整理

　　2016中考英語(yǔ)語(yǔ)法：主謂一致

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　　謂語(yǔ)受主語(yǔ)支配，須和主語(yǔ)在人稱和數(shù)上保持一致，這叫做主謂一致。主謂一致一般遵循三條原則：語(yǔ)法一致原則，意義一致原則和就近一致原則。

　　1. 語(yǔ)法一致的原則

　　(1)以單數(shù)名詞或代詞，動(dòng)詞不定式短語(yǔ)作主語(yǔ)時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞要用單數(shù);主語(yǔ)為復(fù)數(shù)時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)用復(fù)數(shù)，例如：

　　He goes to school early every morning.

　　The children are playing outside.

　　To work hard is necessary for a student.

　　(2)由and或both……and連接的并列成分作主語(yǔ)時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用復(fù)數(shù)。例如：

　　Both he and I are right.

　　Mr Black and Mrs Black have a son called Tom.

　　但并列主語(yǔ)如果指的是同一人，同一事物或同一概念，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)。例如：

　　His teacher and friend is a beautiful girl.

　　The poet and writer has come.

　　(3)由and連接的并列單數(shù)主語(yǔ)之前如果分別由each, every修飾時(shí)，其謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞要用單數(shù)形式。例如：

　　In our country every boy and every girl has the right to receive education.

　　Each man and each woman is asked to help.

　　(4)主語(yǔ)是單數(shù)時(shí)，盡管后面跟有 but ,except, besides, with 等介詞短語(yǔ)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞仍用單數(shù)。例如：

　　The teacher with his students is going to visit the museum.

　　Nobody but two boys was late for class.

　　Bread and butter is a daily food in the west.

　　(5) 一些只有復(fù)數(shù)形式的名詞，如people, police, cattle, clothes等作主語(yǔ)時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞要用復(fù)數(shù)。例如：

　　A lot of people are dancing outside.

　　The police are looking for lost boy.

　　(6)由each, some, any, no, every 構(gòu)成的復(fù)合代詞作主語(yǔ)時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞都用單數(shù)。例如：

　　Is everybody ready?

　　Somebody is using the phone.

　　(7)有兩部分構(gòu)成的物體的名詞，如glasses, shoes, trousers, chopsticks, scissors 等作主語(yǔ)時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用復(fù)數(shù)。例如：

　　Where are my shoes? I can’t find them.

　　Your trousers are dirty. You’d better change them.

　　如果這類名詞前用了a pair of等，則往往用作單數(shù)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的單復(fù)數(shù)形式往往取決于pair的單復(fù)數(shù)形式。例如：

　　Here are some new pairs of shoes.

　　My new pair of socks is on the bed.

　　2. 意義一致的原則

　　(1)表時(shí)間、距離、價(jià)格、度量衡等的名詞作主語(yǔ)時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞通常用單數(shù)。例如：

　　Twenty years is not a long time.

　　Ten dollars is too dear.

　　(2)有些集合名詞，如family, team等作主語(yǔ)時(shí)，如作為一個(gè)整體看待，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用單數(shù);如指其中每個(gè)成員，則用復(fù)數(shù)。例如：

　　My family is big one.

　　My family are watching TV.

　　(3)不定代詞由all, most, more, some, any, none作主語(yǔ)時(shí)，也要依這些代詞表示的意義來(lái)決定謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的單復(fù)數(shù)形式。如果代詞代表復(fù)數(shù)可數(shù)名詞，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用復(fù)數(shù);如果代詞代表單數(shù)可數(shù)名詞或不可數(shù)名詞，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)。例如：

　　All of the work has been finished.

　　All of the people have gone.

　　(4)疑問(wèn)代詞作主語(yǔ)時(shí)，其謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞也有兩種情況：主語(yǔ)表示復(fù)數(shù)意義，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用復(fù)數(shù);主語(yǔ)表示單數(shù)意義，則謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)。例如：

　　Who is your brother?

　　Who are League members?

　　(5)“分?jǐn)?shù)或百分?jǐn)?shù)+of+名詞”構(gòu)成的詞組作主語(yǔ)時(shí)，其謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞要以of后面的名詞而定。名詞是復(fù)數(shù)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用復(fù)數(shù)：名詞是單數(shù)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)。例如：

　　It is said that 35 per cent of the doctors are women.

　　Three -fourths of the surface of the earth is sea.

　　(6)half, the rest等表示不定數(shù)量的名詞作主語(yǔ)時(shí)，如果所指為復(fù)數(shù)意義，動(dòng)詞用復(fù)數(shù);如果所指為單數(shù)意義，動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)。例如：

　　I have read a large part of the book, the rest is more difficult.

　　Only ten students attended the class because all the rest were off sick.

　　(7)由what 引導(dǎo)地主于從句作主語(yǔ)時(shí)，通常謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)形式。但如果所指內(nèi)容為復(fù)數(shù)意義時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用復(fù)數(shù)形式。例如：

　　What she said is correct.

　　What she left me are a few old books.

　　(8)凡是以“定冠詞+形容詞(或分詞)”作主語(yǔ)，往往根據(jù)意義一致的原則決定謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的單復(fù)數(shù)形式。如果這種主語(yǔ)指的是一類人，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用復(fù)數(shù);如果指的是一個(gè)人或抽象概念，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)形式。例如：

　　The sick have been cured and the lost have been found.

　　The dead is a famous person.

　　3. 鄰近一致的原則

　　(1)由連詞or, either……or, neither……nor, not only…but also,等連接的并列主語(yǔ)，如果一個(gè)是單數(shù)，一個(gè)是復(fù)數(shù)，則謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞按就近一致原則，與較靠近它的主語(yǔ)一致。例如：

　　Either you or I am right.

　　Neither the children nor the teacher knows anything about it.

　　(2)在“There be” 句型中，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞和靠近的主語(yǔ)一致。

　　There are two apples and one egg in it.

　　(3)as well as 和名詞連用時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞和先進(jìn)個(gè)名詞相一致。

　　He as well as I is responsible for it.

　　不但是我，他對(duì)這件事也有責(zé)任。

　　(4)以here開頭的句子，其謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞和靠近的主語(yǔ)一致。