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高中英語(yǔ)對(duì)同學(xué)們的聽(tīng)說(shuō)讀寫(xiě)能力提出了更高的要求,更注重對(duì)同學(xué)們能力的培養(yǎng)。同學(xué)們要想學(xué)好高中英語(yǔ),一定要打好基礎(chǔ),制定學(xué)習(xí)計(jì)劃,找出學(xué)習(xí)難點(diǎn),及時(shí)復(fù)習(xí),多加訓(xùn)練。高中英語(yǔ)中有很多重點(diǎn)語(yǔ)法需要同學(xué)們謹(jǐn)記,下面北京高中英語(yǔ)資料網(wǎng)為同學(xué)們整理了高中英語(yǔ)重要語(yǔ)法,希望給同學(xué)們帶來(lái)一定的幫助。
北京高中英語(yǔ)資料網(wǎng):高中英語(yǔ)重要語(yǔ)法
虛擬語(yǔ)氣在各種從句的應(yīng)用
主語(yǔ)從句的虛擬
1. It is + adj. + that sb. (should) do
常見(jiàn)的形容詞有:necessary, important, strange, natural
It's important that he take my advice.
2. It is + n. + that sb. (should) do
常見(jiàn)的名詞有:a pity, a shame, no wonder, one's wish
It's a pity that he be so silly.
3. It is + done + that sb. (should) do
常見(jiàn)的過(guò)去分詞有:suggested, advised, demanded, requested, required, asked, ordered,
proposed, decided, desired, insisted等。
It's requested that she go home as soon as possible.賓語(yǔ)從句的虛擬
1. 表命令,表建議,表要求的動(dòng)詞,后接賓語(yǔ)從句虛擬。虛擬的構(gòu)成為(should) do。
I advise that he stay at home.
2. wish后接從句,虛擬的構(gòu)成是往過(guò)去推一個(gè)時(shí)態(tài)。
I wish I had watched the football match last night.
注意以下幾組詞或短語(yǔ)用于虛擬語(yǔ)氣中。
1. as if, as though
He speaks English as if he were a native speaker.
2. otherwise, but, even though
He was ill. Otherwise he would have been there.
3. with, without, but for
Without your help, I would have died two years ago.
But for your help, I would have died two years ago.
4. would rather I'd rather you told me yourself.
5. It's time that
It's time that you went to bed.
It's time that you should go to bed.
表語(yǔ)從句中的虛擬
在表語(yǔ)從句中,表示間接的命令,要求、請(qǐng)求、建議、決定等,主句中的主語(yǔ)通常是suggestion, proposal, request, orders, idea等。從句謂語(yǔ)形式是"(should)+動(dòng)詞原形"。如:
His suggestion is that we (should) leave at once.
名詞從句部分:
1. that不可省略的情況
2. that引導(dǎo)同位語(yǔ)從句和that引導(dǎo)定語(yǔ)從句的區(qū)別:同位語(yǔ)從句中的that是連詞,不做成分,只連接主從句,不能省略;定語(yǔ)從句中的that要代替先行詞在從句中做主語(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ)或者表語(yǔ),并且做賓語(yǔ)時(shí)可以省略。從語(yǔ)義上看,同位語(yǔ)從句是對(duì)前面名詞的解釋、說(shuō)明或內(nèi)容;而定語(yǔ)從句時(shí)對(duì)前面名詞的限定。
We should consider the students’request that the school library provide more books on
popular science. (that引導(dǎo)同位語(yǔ)從句)
The only hope that he expressed was that they would do what they could to help the people
in disaster areas. (that引導(dǎo)定語(yǔ)從句)
3. 要根據(jù)句子結(jié)構(gòu)尤其是謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞判斷從句的類型:
What is known to us all is that the 2008 Olympic Games took place in Beijing.
本句含有一個(gè)主語(yǔ)從句和一個(gè)表語(yǔ)從句,主句的動(dòng)詞為is。
It is known to us all that the 2008 Olympic Games took place in Beijing.
本句含有一個(gè)主語(yǔ)從句,主句的動(dòng)詞為is known to。
As is known to us all, the 2008 Olympic Games took place in Beijing.
本句含有一個(gè)定語(yǔ)從句,主句的動(dòng)詞為took place,as引導(dǎo)非限制性定語(yǔ)從句。
4. 名詞性從句的語(yǔ)序和語(yǔ)態(tài)。
名詞性從句均應(yīng)用陳述語(yǔ)序,不能用疑問(wèn)語(yǔ)序,其時(shí)態(tài)應(yīng)該和主句時(shí)態(tài)保持一致。
5. 名詞性從句中連詞的省略。
介詞后的連詞以及引導(dǎo)主語(yǔ)從句和同位語(yǔ)從句的連詞不可省略。that引導(dǎo)名詞從句(除了引導(dǎo)先進(jìn)個(gè)賓語(yǔ)從句可省略外)都不可省略,但是引導(dǎo)定語(yǔ)從句并在從句中做賓語(yǔ)時(shí)可以省略。
that不能省略的情況:
1)介詞后面的that不能省略:
Peter is a good student except that he is sometimes careless.
2)當(dāng)that引導(dǎo)的賓語(yǔ)從句位于句首時(shí):
That he ever did such a thing I don’t believe.
3)主句謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞和that從句之間有插入語(yǔ),that不省略:
She said that, if she failed, she would try again.
4)當(dāng)賓語(yǔ)從句有其他從屬連詞時(shí),that不省略:
He told me that if it was necessary they would work extra time.
6.名詞性從句中it的使用:
為了保持句子平衡,多數(shù)情況下,it作形式主語(yǔ)或形式賓語(yǔ),將真正的主語(yǔ)或賓語(yǔ)從句后置。
定語(yǔ)從句
關(guān)系代詞有who, whom, whose, which, that, as,和關(guān)系副詞when, where, why。
(1)that指物時(shí)一般可與which互換,但在下列情況下,要用that而不用which。
a. 先行詞有all, everything等不定代詞時(shí),如,
Everything (that) he did is wrong.
b. 先行詞被all, every, no, some, any, little, much等修飾時(shí),如,
I'll read all the books (that) you lend me.
c. 先行詞被序數(shù)詞或形容詞更高級(jí)修飾時(shí),
This is the first letter (that) the boy has written.
d. 先行詞被the only, the very, the same, the last修飾時(shí),如
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