2016-2017學(xué)年北京市昌平區(qū)高二期中考試英語(yǔ)試題答案解析

2016-10-08 15:05:00 　來源：愛智康

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　　2016-2017學(xué)年北京市昌平區(qū)高二期中診斷英語(yǔ)試題答案解析

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　　高二英語(yǔ)學(xué)習(xí)方法：掌握猜詞技巧閱讀能力

　　一、定義猜詞法

　　即根據(jù)定義猜測(cè)詞義的方法。需要定義或解釋的單詞或短語(yǔ)大多是專有名詞、生僻詞或文中的關(guān)鍵詞，作者為了使讀者正確理解它們，就得做出較淺顯的解釋或說明。

　　例一：Giraffe is an animal with a very long neck, four legs and orange skin with dark spots.

　　根據(jù)后面對(duì) Giraffe 的解釋，它的詞義為“長(zhǎng)頸鹿”。

　　例二：Anthropology is the scientific study of man.

　　由定義可知 Anthropology 的詞義為“研究人類的科學(xué)”即“人類學(xué)”。

　　例三：What is plagiarism? It is using others’ ideas and words without clearly mentioning where the information is from.

　　根據(jù)定義我們知道plagiarism的詞義為“剽竊”。

　　二、定語(yǔ)從句

　　定語(yǔ)從句對(duì)先行詞起限定、修飾或解釋作用，因此我們可以利用定語(yǔ)從句來推測(cè)先行詞的詞義。

　　例一：Second generation Puerto Ricans who were born in New York but who have returned to the island, are called Nuvoricans.

　　Nuvoricans 的詞義可以由Second generation Puerto Ricans后面的兩個(gè)定語(yǔ)從句來得到，即生在紐約，后又回到波多黎各的人。

　　例二：Psychophysiology is a science which deals with the relationship between mind and body.

　　根據(jù)定語(yǔ)從句我們可以看出Psychophysiology的意思為“身心聯(lián)系的科學(xué)”，即“心理生理學(xué)”。

　　三、同位短語(yǔ)或同位語(yǔ)從句

　　同位關(guān)系的兩部分之間多用逗號(hào)連接，有時(shí)也用破折號(hào)、分號(hào)、引號(hào)和括號(hào)連接。

　　例一：According to a report published on the British medical magazine, The Lancet, a study of ten German mobile phone users found that when they turned on their phones, their blood pressure goes up by 5 to 10 millimeters of mercury.

　　根據(jù)句法結(jié)構(gòu)的知識(shí)，我們知道The Lancet是the British medical magazine的同位語(yǔ)，由此可知The Lancet是一個(gè)雜志的名稱。

　　例二：Semantics, the study of the meaning of words, is necessary if you are to speak and read intelligently.

　　兩個(gè)逗號(hào)中間的短語(yǔ)the study of the meaning of words是Semantics的同位語(yǔ)，意為“對(duì)詞義進(jìn)行研究的科學(xué)”，即“語(yǔ)義學(xué)”。

　　四、對(duì)比結(jié)構(gòu)

　　尋找文中相互對(duì)比、相互對(duì)照的線索來確定生詞的含義。

　　在此類文章中，通常會(huì)出現(xiàn)一些表示意義轉(zhuǎn)折、對(duì)比的詞語(yǔ)：however, but, on the other hand, on the contrary, instead of, while, unlike, not, although, yet, despite, in spite of, in contrast, etc.

　　例一： A good supervisor can recognize instantly the adept workers from the unskilled ones.

　　根據(jù)句法結(jié)構(gòu)可知the adept workers和 the unskilled ones.為對(duì)比關(guān)系，意義相反。由the unskilled ones可推出the adept workers為熟練工人。

　　例二：Someone liked milk, but others abhorred it.

　　通過but我們知道abhor是like的反義詞，意為“厭惡”。

　　五、并列平行結(jié)構(gòu)

　　它表示意義上的并列或相似關(guān)系。表示并列關(guān)系的詞語(yǔ)為and, similarly, like, just as, also, etc.

　　例一：A child’s birthday party does not have to be a hassle; it can be a basket of fun, according to Beth Anacleria, an Evaston mother of two, aged 4 and 18 months.

　　分號(hào)前后為兩個(gè)并列平行的分句，后一句意為“生日聚會(huì)可以充滿快樂、樂趣”，我們可以推測(cè)hassle意為“混亂”。

　　例二：First put forward by the French mathematician Pierre de Fermat in the seventeenth century, the theorem had baffled and beaten the finest mathematical minds, including a French woman scientist who made a major advance in working out the problem, and who had to dress like a man in order to be able to study at the Ecole Polytechnique.

　　baffled 和beaten為并列平行關(guān)系，根據(jù)beaten可以推測(cè)出baffled意為“難倒，使受挫，阻礙”之意。

　　例三：John loves to talk, and his sisters are similarly loquacious.

　　根據(jù)and和similarly判定短語(yǔ)loves to talk 和loquacious.之間為同義比較，意為“健談的”。

　　六、因果關(guān)系

　　它也是推測(cè)詞義的一種重要方式。我們可以通過結(jié)果推測(cè)原因，亦可通過原因推測(cè)結(jié)果。

　　例句：The girl began to feel homesick because she had been away from her family for years.

　　根據(jù)原因狀語(yǔ)從句和homesick本身的構(gòu)詞方法，我們推斷它的詞義為“想家的”。

　　七、舉例法

　　即通過生詞后面所舉的例子來推斷生詞的含義。

　　例句：In this reading room, you can find almost all periodicals in China, such as: The World of English, Foreign Language in School, English Learning or Readers.

　　我們根據(jù)后面所舉的例子，不難推斷出periodicals是“期刊”之意。