2019年高考英語(yǔ)語(yǔ)法之虛擬語(yǔ)氣

2019-05-16 23:36:17 　來(lái)源：網(wǎng)絡(luò)整理

　　2019年高考英語(yǔ)語(yǔ)法之虛擬語(yǔ)氣！高考之前，你復(fù)習(xí)了哪些知識(shí)點(diǎn)呢？虛擬語(yǔ)氣也是很重要的語(yǔ)法知識(shí)，多多記憶幾個(gè)例句就能找到精髓，愛(ài)智康助力高考，高考前我們來(lái)復(fù)習(xí)較后一遍，下面是2019年高考英語(yǔ)語(yǔ)法之虛擬語(yǔ)氣!同學(xué)們沖刺高考，加油！

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　　2019年高考英語(yǔ)語(yǔ)法之虛擬語(yǔ)氣(一)

　　一、虛擬語(yǔ)氣謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的幾種表現(xiàn)形式

　　1. 用在虛擬條件句中

　　例1：I would certainly go if I had the time.

　　例2：How nice it would be if you could stay a bit longer.

　　例3：She would have come if we had invited her.

　　注：如果條件從句中包含有were, had, should或could，有時(shí)可把if省略掉，但這時(shí)要把were, had, should或could放在主語(yǔ)前面(這種結(jié)構(gòu)在口語(yǔ)中較少使用)。例如：

　　1)Had we made (= If we had made ) adequate preparations, we might have succeeded.

　　2)Were there no gravity, there would be no air around us.

　　3)Should it rain tomorrow, the meeting would be put off.

　　2. 用在含蓄條件句中

　　句子中，假設(shè)的情況不用條件從句表示出來(lái)，而是用一個(gè)介詞短語(yǔ)來(lái)表示，句子的謂語(yǔ)形式也可遵循上表的規(guī)則。

　　這種用法也常見(jiàn)于or, or else, otherwise和but后面的分句中。例如：

　　1)Without music, the world would be a dull place.

　　2)But for your help, we would have failed.

　　3)She would have gone with us, but she didn’t have time.

　　4)He must have had an accident, or he would have been here then.

　　3.用在錯(cuò)綜時(shí)間條件句中

　　有時(shí)候，條件從句表示的動(dòng)作和主句表示的動(dòng)作發(fā)生的時(shí)間并不一致，這時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的形式要根據(jù)表示的時(shí)間來(lái)調(diào)整，這種句子可稱作錯(cuò)綜時(shí)間條件句。例如：

　　1)If you hadn’t watched television so late, you wouldn’t be so sleepy now.(此句為時(shí)間交錯(cuò)的虛擬條件句，從句表示與過(guò)去事實(shí)相反的假設(shè)，主句則假設(shè)與現(xiàn)在情況相反)

　　2)If you were in better health, we would have allowed you to join them in the work.(從句表示與現(xiàn)在事實(shí)相反的假設(shè)，主句則表示一種與過(guò)去事實(shí)相反的設(shè)想)

　　4.用在wish后的賓語(yǔ)從句中

　　這種句子主要表示愿望，that常省略。若指現(xiàn)在或?qū)?lái)的愿望，從句用過(guò)去時(shí);若指過(guò)去沒(méi)有實(shí)現(xiàn)的愿望，從句用過(guò)去完成時(shí)。例如：

　　1)I wish I had learned to play chess.(與過(guò)去事實(shí)相反)

　　2)I wish I remembered his address.(與現(xiàn)在事實(shí)相反)

　　3)I wish he would try again.(對(duì)將來(lái)情況的假設(shè))

　　若wish 后的賓語(yǔ)從句中用would，可以表示請(qǐng)求，通常意味著說(shuō)話人的不快或不滿。例如：

　　1)I wish you would help us.

　　2)I wish you would stop asking such silly questions.

　　5.用在if only感嘆句中

　　當(dāng)表示“但愿”，“要是…就好”時(shí)，它的用法和wish基本相同，只是更富有感情色彩，表示一時(shí)很難實(shí)現(xiàn)的愿望。例如：

　　1)If only I knew what you wanted.

　　2)If only you hadn’t told him what I said, everything would have been all right.

　　6.用在以as if (as though) 引出的方式狀語(yǔ)從句中

　　當(dāng)表示過(guò)去想象中的動(dòng)作或情況時(shí)，用過(guò)去完成時(shí);當(dāng)表示和現(xiàn)在事實(shí)相反或?qū)ΜF(xiàn)在情況有所懷疑時(shí)，用一般過(guò)去時(shí)。例如：

　　1)The old couple loved the orphan girl as if she had been their daughter.

　　2)It seems as if it were spring.

　　7.用在某些虛擬的定語(yǔ)從句中

　　例1：He was the very person I should have been wished to see.

　　例2：It’s (high) time that we went to class.

　　8.用以表示說(shuō)話人的主觀愿望或選擇，僅用在一些慣用句型的從句中

　　例1：I’d rather they came tomorrow.

　　例2：He’d rather I went to Fuzhou by sea.

　　例3：I’d just as soon you didn’t watch television this evening.

　　但had rather, would rather, would just as soon, would sooner等慣用語(yǔ)如用在簡(jiǎn)單句中，其后都用不加to的動(dòng)詞不定式。例如：

　　1)I’d rather die than give up my principle.

　　2)I’d just as soon (would sooner) resign than take part in such dishonest deals.

　　2019年高考英語(yǔ)語(yǔ)法之虛擬語(yǔ)氣(二)

　　二、用固定的情態(tài)動(dòng)詞表示的虛擬語(yǔ)氣

　　1. should +動(dòng)詞原形(有時(shí)省略should)

　　(1)用在動(dòng)詞如advise, command, demand, desire, insist, order, propose, recommend, request, require, suggest, urge等后的賓語(yǔ)從句中。例如：

　　1)They requested that we (should) send a delegation to their country.

　　2)She urged that he write and accept the post.

　　(2)用在it is suggested, it is desired, it is required, it was ordered, it was proposed, it has been decided, it is necessary (essential, imperative, important, desirable) that等引出的主語(yǔ)從句中。例如：

　　1)It is desired that we (should) get everything ready by tonight.

　　2)It is necessary that the teacher (should) have a thorough knowledge of the subject he teaches.

　　(3)用在suggestion, motion, proposal, order, recommendation, plan, idea, requirement等引起的表語(yǔ)從句和同位語(yǔ)從句

　　例如：He put his coat over the child lest he should catch cold.

　　2.用在表示比擬的方式狀語(yǔ)從句中

　　例如：They talked as if they had been friends for years.

　　3.用在表示虛擬情況的定語(yǔ)從句中

　　例如：It is high time you handed in your test paper.

　　4.用在某些表示主觀愿望的名詞從句中

　　例1：I wish I were as strong as you.

　　例2：He insisted that we (should) take up the matter at the meeting.

　　5.用在婉轉(zhuǎn)的請(qǐng)求、建議、批評(píng)等句子中

　　例1：Could you spare me a few minutes?

　　例2：You might have told me earlier.

　　例3：Hadn’t you better go and see you dentist about that tooth?

　　6.用在表示祝愿的簡(jiǎn)單句中

　　例1：Long live world peace.

　　例2：May you succeed.

　　2019年高考英語(yǔ)語(yǔ)法之虛擬語(yǔ)氣(三)

　　1.The only thing that I__could__do was that I wished her a long life.

　　解析：句意：我先進(jìn)能做的事情是希望她能長(zhǎng)壽。所填詞表示能力，此處要表達(dá)我先進(jìn)“能”做的，而且根據(jù)wished判斷句子應(yīng)該用一般過(guò)去時(shí)，所以填could。

　　2.Since you have such good preparations, there__should__not be any problem about passing the coming job interview.

　　解析：句意：既然你準(zhǔn)備得很充分，通過(guò)即將到來(lái)的工作刪掉應(yīng)該沒(méi)問(wèn)題。根據(jù)since提供的原因“準(zhǔn)備充分”可以判斷出，此處表示“按理說(shuō)應(yīng)該發(fā)生”的，故本空填情態(tài)動(dòng)詞should。

　　3.It has been accepted that all the students__shall__put on masks before going to school in case they are infected with flu virus.

　　解析：句意：為防止孩子感染流感病毒，孩子們?cè)谶M(jìn)校前要戴上口罩，這一點(diǎn)大家都已接受。在第三人稱作主語(yǔ)的陳述句中，表示規(guī)定、規(guī)則，用shall。

　　4.Now I__would__like to ask you to look at some photographs if you don't mind.

　　解析：句意：如果你愿意的話，現(xiàn)在我想讓你看一些照片。I would like to do...是固定句式，意為“我想做……”。

　　5.Anyone__can__be in a rough life time，whether he is“Bai Fumei”or“Gao Fushuai”.

　　解析：句意：任何人都會(huì)有困難的時(shí)候，無(wú)論他是“白富美”還是“高富帥”。此處是情態(tài)動(dòng)詞用于陳述句中，表示“一時(shí)的情況”，故用情態(tài)動(dòng)詞can。

　　6.(2014·福建，32)__Were__(be) there no modern telecommunications，we would have to wait for weeks to get news from around the world.

　　解析：句意：如果沒(méi)有現(xiàn)代通信手段，我們需要等待數(shù)周才能獲得來(lái)自世界各地的新聞。由句意和主句中的“would+動(dòng)詞原形”可知，逗號(hào)前是一個(gè)表示與現(xiàn)在事實(shí)相反的從句，應(yīng)為if there were...。此處條件句中的if省略，把were提到主語(yǔ)前，故填Were。

　　7.(2014·陜西)We would rather our daughter__stayed__(stay) at home with us, but it is her choice, and she is not a child any longer.

　　解析：句意：我們寧愿讓女兒和我們一起待在家里，可那是她的選擇，而且她也不再是個(gè)孩子了。would rather后的賓語(yǔ)從句要用虛擬語(yǔ)氣，用一般過(guò)去時(shí)表示與現(xiàn)在或?qū)?lái)相反的事實(shí)。

　　8.(2014·重慶，13)It was John who broke the window. Why are you talking to me as if I__had_done__(do) it?

　　解析：句意：是約翰打破了窗戶。你為什么以好像是我打破了的語(yǔ)氣對(duì)我說(shuō)話?as if引導(dǎo)的狀語(yǔ)從句中，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞與wish引導(dǎo)的賓語(yǔ)從句的虛擬語(yǔ)氣形式相同。結(jié)合語(yǔ)境可知，此處表示對(duì)過(guò)去的虛擬，填had done。

　　9.(2016·石家莊二模)—What a slow bus this is!

　　—Yes, we__may/might__just as well walk.

　　解析：may/might as well不妨……。

　　10.(2014·四川，6)I still remember my happy childhood when my mother__would__(will) take me to Disneyland at weekends.

　　解析：句意：我仍然記得我的幸福童年，那時(shí)我母親總會(huì)在周末帶我去迪士尼樂(lè)園。would表示過(guò)去的一種習(xí)慣。

　　Drunk driving, a major concern currently, is not a funny thing, __1. which__ has killed many people and ruined the lives of many others. At present, traffic accidents become“the world's first harm”.

　　Two months ago, after __2. drinking__(drink) a lot of alcohol, my friend's uncle drove his car home. He was __3. heavily__(heavy) drunk, but he still drove home by himself. On the road near his home, an old lady was going across the road, __4. but__ his uncle didn't notice her and he was still moving on under the influence of alcohol. And __5. the__ old lady didn't see his uncle, either. In the end, the lady died.

　　__6. Had__ it not been for his uncle's drunkenness, the terrible accident would not have happened. If the lady __7. hadn't_died__(die), she would live a happy life with her daughters and sons. And his uncle's home was also destroyed by his uncle. Therefore, two __8. families__(family) were destroyed.

　　I wish more people __9. could__(can) realize the seriousness of drunk driving and obey the traffic regulations faithfully. Always remember: refuse __10. to_drink__(drink) and drive, and give a safe world to you and me!

　　解析：

　　1.thing后是非限制性定語(yǔ)從句，引導(dǎo)詞在從句中作主語(yǔ)，故填which。

　　2.after在此是介詞，后跟動(dòng)名詞。

　　3.修飾was drunk用副詞。

　　4.由didn't notice判斷，該空所用詞表示轉(zhuǎn)折，故填but。

　　5.特指上文提到的lady，故填定冠詞。

　　6.根據(jù)主句中的would not have happened判斷，逗號(hào)前面是一個(gè)虛擬語(yǔ)氣的條件句，句子的謂語(yǔ)應(yīng)用had done形式;但是因?yàn)槭÷粤薸f，所以要把had優(yōu)先到句首，由此可判斷出該空填Had。

　　7.if引導(dǎo)的是一個(gè)與過(guò)去事實(shí)相反的虛擬語(yǔ)氣句子，故應(yīng)用過(guò)去完成時(shí)，填hadn't died。

　　8.集體名詞family在此是被看作整體，此處指“兩個(gè)家庭”，應(yīng)用其復(fù)數(shù)形式families。

　　9.wish后的從句用虛擬語(yǔ)氣，此處表示與現(xiàn)在事實(shí)相反的情況，所以填could。

　　10.refuse后用動(dòng)詞不定式作賓語(yǔ)，refuse to do sth.“拒絕做某事”。

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