2019年高考英語語法之虛擬語氣

2019-05-16 23:36:17 　來源：網(wǎng)絡整理

　　2019年高考英語語法之虛擬語氣！高考之前，你復習了哪些知識點呢？虛擬語氣也是很重要的語法知識，多多記憶幾個例句就能找到精髓，愛智康助力高考，高考前我們來復習較后一遍，下面是2019年高考英語語法之虛擬語氣!同學們沖刺高考，加油！

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　　2019年高考英語語法之虛擬語氣(一)

　　一、虛擬語氣謂語動詞的幾種表現(xiàn)形式

　　1. 用在虛擬條件句中

　　例1：I would certainly go if I had the time.

　　例2：How nice it would be if you could stay a bit longer.

　　例3：She would have come if we had invited her.

　　注：如果條件從句中包含有were, had, should或could，有時可把if省略掉，但這時要把were, had, should或could放在主語前面(這種結(jié)構(gòu)在口語中較少使用)。例如：

　　1)Had we made (= If we had made ) adequate preparations, we might have succeeded.

　　2)Were there no gravity, there would be no air around us.

　　3)Should it rain tomorrow, the meeting would be put off.

　　2. 用在含蓄條件句中

　　句子中，假設的情況不用條件從句表示出來，而是用一個介詞短語來表示，句子的謂語形式也可遵循上表的規(guī)則。

　　這種用法也常見于or, or else, otherwise和but后面的分句中。例如：

　　1)Without music, the world would be a dull place.

　　2)But for your help, we would have failed.

　　3)She would have gone with us, but she didn’t have time.

　　4)He must have had an accident, or he would have been here then.

　　3.用在錯綜時間條件句中

　　有時候，條件從句表示的動作和主句表示的動作發(fā)生的時間并不一致，這時，謂語動詞的形式要根據(jù)表示的時間來調(diào)整，這種句子可稱作錯綜時間條件句。例如：

　　1)If you hadn’t watched television so late, you wouldn’t be so sleepy now.(此句為時間交錯的虛擬條件句，從句表示與過去事實相反的假設，主句則假設與現(xiàn)在情況相反)

　　2)If you were in better health, we would have allowed you to join them in the work.(從句表示與現(xiàn)在事實相反的假設，主句則表示一種與過去事實相反的設想)

　　4.用在wish后的賓語從句中

　　這種句子主要表示愿望，that常省略。若指現(xiàn)在或?qū)淼脑竿�，從句用過去時;若指過去沒有實現(xiàn)的愿望，從句用過去完成時。例如：

　　1)I wish I had learned to play chess.(與過去事實相反)

　　2)I wish I remembered his address.(與現(xiàn)在事實相反)

　　3)I wish he would try again.(對將來情況的假設)

　　若wish 后的賓語從句中用would，可以表示請求，通常意味著說話人的不快或不滿。例如：

　　1)I wish you would help us.

　　2)I wish you would stop asking such silly questions.

　　5.用在if only感嘆句中

　　當表示“但愿”，“要是…就好”時，它的用法和wish基本相同，只是更富有感情色彩，表示一時很難實現(xiàn)的愿望。例如：

　　1)If only I knew what you wanted.

　　2)If only you hadn’t told him what I said, everything would have been all right.

　　6.用在以as if (as though) 引出的方式狀語從句中

　　當表示過去想象中的動作或情況時，用過去完成時;當表示和現(xiàn)在事實相反或?qū)ΜF(xiàn)在情況有所懷疑時，用一般過去時。例如：

　　1)The old couple loved the orphan girl as if she had been their daughter.

　　2)It seems as if it were spring.

　　7.用在某些虛擬的定語從句中

　　例1：He was the very person I should have been wished to see.

　　例2：It’s (high) time that we went to class.

　　8.用以表示說話人的主觀愿望或選擇，僅用在一些慣用句型的從句中

　　例1：I’d rather they came tomorrow.

　　例2：He’d rather I went to Fuzhou by sea.

　　例3：I’d just as soon you didn’t watch television this evening.

　　但had rather, would rather, would just as soon, would sooner等慣用語如用在簡單句中，其后都用不加to的動詞不定式。例如：

　　1)I’d rather die than give up my principle.

　　2)I’d just as soon (would sooner) resign than take part in such dishonest deals.

　　2019年高考英語語法之虛擬語氣(二)

　　二、用固定的情態(tài)動詞表示的虛擬語氣

　　1. should +動詞原形(有時省略should)

　　(1)用在動詞如advise, command, demand, desire, insist, order, propose, recommend, request, require, suggest, urge等后的賓語從句中。例如：

　　1)They requested that we (should) send a delegation to their country.

　　2)She urged that he write and accept the post.

　　(2)用在it is suggested, it is desired, it is required, it was ordered, it was proposed, it has been decided, it is necessary (essential, imperative, important, desirable) that等引出的主語從句中。例如：

　　1)It is desired that we (should) get everything ready by tonight.

　　2)It is necessary that the teacher (should) have a thorough knowledge of the subject he teaches.

　　(3)用在suggestion, motion, proposal, order, recommendation, plan, idea, requirement等引起的表語從句和同位語從句

　　例如：He put his coat over the child lest he should catch cold.

　　2.用在表示比擬的方式狀語從句中

　　例如：They talked as if they had been friends for years.

　　3.用在表示虛擬情況的定語從句中

　　例如：It is high time you handed in your test paper.

　　4.用在某些表示主觀愿望的名詞從句中

　　例1：I wish I were as strong as you.

　　例2：He insisted that we (should) take up the matter at the meeting.

　　5.用在婉轉(zhuǎn)的請求、建議、批評等句子中

　　例1：Could you spare me a few minutes?

　　例2：You might have told me earlier.

　　例3：Hadn’t you better go and see you dentist about that tooth?

　　6.用在表示祝愿的簡單句中

　　例1：Long live world peace.

　　例2：May you succeed.

　　2019年高考英語語法之虛擬語氣(三)

　　1.The only thing that I__could__do was that I wished her a long life.

　　解析：句意：我先進能做的事情是希望她能長壽。所填詞表示能力，此處要表達我先進“能”做的，而且根據(jù)wished判斷句子應該用一般過去時，所以填could。

　　2.Since you have such good preparations, there__should__not be any problem about passing the coming job interview.

　　解析：句意：既然你準備得很充分，通過即將到來的工作刪掉應該沒問題。根據(jù)since提供的原因“準備充分”可以判斷出，此處表示“按理說應該發(fā)生”的，故本空填情態(tài)動詞should。

　　3.It has been accepted that all the students__shall__put on masks before going to school in case they are infected with flu virus.

　　解析：句意：為防止孩子感染流感病毒，孩子們在進校前要戴上口罩，這一點大家都已接受。在第三人稱作主語的陳述句中，表示規(guī)定、規(guī)則，用shall。

　　4.Now I__would__like to ask you to look at some photographs if you don't mind.

　　解析：句意：如果你愿意的話，現(xiàn)在我想讓你看一些照片。I would like to do...是固定句式，意為“我想做……”。

　　5.Anyone__can__be in a rough life time，whether he is“Bai Fumei”or“Gao Fushuai”.

　　解析：句意：任何人都會有困難的時候，無論他是“白富美”還是“高富帥”。此處是情態(tài)動詞用于陳述句中，表示“一時的情況”，故用情態(tài)動詞can。

　　6.(2014·福建，32)__Were__(be) there no modern telecommunications，we would have to wait for weeks to get news from around the world.

　　解析：句意：如果沒有現(xiàn)代通信手段，我們需要等待數(shù)周才能獲得來自世界各地的新聞。由句意和主句中的“would+動詞原形”可知，逗號前是一個表示與現(xiàn)在事實相反的從句，應為if there were...。此處條件句中的if省略，把were提到主語前，故填Were。

　　7.(2014·陜西)We would rather our daughter__stayed__(stay) at home with us, but it is her choice, and she is not a child any longer.

　　解析：句意：我們寧愿讓女兒和我們一起待在家里，可那是她的選擇，而且她也不再是個孩子了。would rather后的賓語從句要用虛擬語氣，用一般過去時表示與現(xiàn)在或?qū)硐喾吹氖聦崱?/p>

　　8.(2014·重慶，13)It was John who broke the window. Why are you talking to me as if I__had_done__(do) it?

　　解析：句意：是約翰打破了窗戶。你為什么以好像是我打破了的語氣對我說話?as if引導的狀語從句中，謂語動詞與wish引導的賓語從句的虛擬語氣形式相同。結(jié)合語境可知，此處表示對過去的虛擬，填had done。

　　9.(2016·石家莊二模)—What a slow bus this is!

　　—Yes, we__may/might__just as well walk.

　　解析：may/might as well不妨……。

　　10.(2014·四川，6)I still remember my happy childhood when my mother__would__(will) take me to Disneyland at weekends.

　　解析：句意：我仍然記得我的幸福童年，那時我母親總會在周末帶我去迪士尼樂園。would表示過去的一種習慣。

　　Drunk driving, a major concern currently, is not a funny thing, __1. which__ has killed many people and ruined the lives of many others. At present, traffic accidents become“the world's first harm”.

　　Two months ago, after __2. drinking__(drink) a lot of alcohol, my friend's uncle drove his car home. He was __3. heavily__(heavy) drunk, but he still drove home by himself. On the road near his home, an old lady was going across the road, __4. but__ his uncle didn't notice her and he was still moving on under the influence of alcohol. And __5. the__ old lady didn't see his uncle, either. In the end, the lady died.

　　__6. Had__ it not been for his uncle's drunkenness, the terrible accident would not have happened. If the lady __7. hadn't_died__(die), she would live a happy life with her daughters and sons. And his uncle's home was also destroyed by his uncle. Therefore, two __8. families__(family) were destroyed.

　　I wish more people __9. could__(can) realize the seriousness of drunk driving and obey the traffic regulations faithfully. Always remember: refuse __10. to_drink__(drink) and drive, and give a safe world to you and me!

　　解析：

　　1.thing后是非限制性定語從句，引導詞在從句中作主語，故填which。

　　2.after在此是介詞，后跟動名詞。

　　3.修飾was drunk用副詞。

　　4.由didn't notice判斷，該空所用詞表示轉(zhuǎn)折，故填but。

　　5.特指上文提到的lady，故填定冠詞。

　　6.根據(jù)主句中的would not have happened判斷，逗號前面是一個虛擬語氣的條件句，句子的謂語應用had done形式;但是因為省略了if，所以要把had優(yōu)先到句首，由此可判斷出該空填Had。

　　7.if引導的是一個與過去事實相反的虛擬語氣句子，故應用過去完成時，填hadn't died。

　　8.集體名詞family在此是被看作整體，此處指“兩個家庭”，應用其復數(shù)形式families。

　　9.wish后的從句用虛擬語氣，此處表示與現(xiàn)在事實相反的情況，所以填could。

　　10.refuse后用動詞不定式作賓語，refuse to do sth.“拒絕做某事”。

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