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三、被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)的用法
(1)不知道或沒(méi)有必要說(shuō)明動(dòng)作的執(zhí)行者是誰(shuí) 例如:
Some new computers were stolen last night.
一些新電腦在昨晚被盜了。(不知道電腦是誰(shuí)偷的)
This book was published in
(2)強(qiáng)調(diào)動(dòng)作的承受者,而不強(qiáng)調(diào)動(dòng)作的執(zhí)行者。
例如:the window was broken by Mike.
This book was written by him.
Eight hours per day for sleep must be guaranteed.每天8小時(shí)睡眠必須得到保證。
歌訣:誰(shuí)做的動(dòng)作不知道,說(shuō)出誰(shuí)做的沒(méi)有必要;
動(dòng)作承受者需強(qiáng)調(diào),被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)運(yùn)用到。/
四、主動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)變被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)的方法
(1)把主動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)的賓語(yǔ)變?yōu)楸粍?dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)的主語(yǔ)。
(2)把謂語(yǔ)變成被動(dòng)結(jié)構(gòu)(be+過(guò)去分詞)
(根據(jù)被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)句子里的主語(yǔ)的人稱和數(shù),以及原來(lái)主動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)句子中動(dòng)詞的時(shí)態(tài)來(lái)決定be的形式)。
(3)把主動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)中的主語(yǔ)放在介詞by之后作賓語(yǔ),將主格改為賓格。例如:
All the people laughed at him.
He was laughed at by all people.
They make the bikes in the factory.
The bikes are made?by them in the factory.
歌訣是:賓變主,主變賓,by短語(yǔ)后面跟。
謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞變被動(dòng),be后“過(guò)分”來(lái)使用。
五、含有情態(tài)動(dòng)詞的被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)
含有情態(tài)動(dòng)詞的主動(dòng)句變成被動(dòng)句時(shí),由“情態(tài)動(dòng)詞+be+過(guò)去分詞”構(gòu)成,原來(lái)帶to的情態(tài)動(dòng)詞變成被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)后“to”仍要保留。
歌訣是:情態(tài)動(dòng)詞變動(dòng),情態(tài)加be加“過(guò)分”,原來(lái)帶to要保留。例如:
We can repair this watch in two days.
This watch can be repaired in two days.
You ought to take it away. It ought to be taken away.
They should do it at once. It should be done at once.
He is going to make it.
→It is going to be made(by him).
We can change water into ice.
我們可以把水變成冰。
Water can be changed into ice.
水可以被變成冰。
You must not take out any books.
你不可以拿走任何一本書(shū)。
Any books mustn't be taken out by you.
六、使用被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)應(yīng)注意的幾點(diǎn)
1.帶雙賓語(yǔ)的主動(dòng)結(jié)構(gòu)的句子,變?yōu)楸粍?dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)結(jié)構(gòu)時(shí),只能將其中的一個(gè)賓語(yǔ)變?yōu)橹髡Z(yǔ),另一個(gè)賓語(yǔ)仍要保留。如果保留的是間接賓語(yǔ),要在間接賓語(yǔ)之前加上介詞to或for.如:
She sent me a novel on my birthday.
I was sent a novel on my birthday.
She sent a novel to me on my birthday.
A novel was sent to me on my birthday.
We are taught English by her.或English is taught to us by her.
同樣類型的:give sb sth/buy sb sth; give sth to sb/ buy sth for sb.
2.當(dāng)使役動(dòng)詞和感官動(dòng)詞(如make,let,hear,see等)用與被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)時(shí),不定式必須帶to
The boss made him work over twelve hours a day.
He was made to work over twelve hours a day.
3.短語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用于被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)應(yīng)作為一個(gè)整體,不能丟掉其中的介詞或副詞。如:
The meeting has been put off.
4.有些及物動(dòng)詞和及物動(dòng)詞短語(yǔ)(多表示“靜態(tài)”)不能用于被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài),常見(jiàn)的有have, cost, last, hold, fit, agree with等。
5.有些不及物動(dòng)詞以主動(dòng)形式表示被動(dòng)意義,常見(jiàn)的有cut, wash, write, sell等。如: The shirt washes well.
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