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當(dāng)前位置:上海學(xué)而思1對1 > 中考欄目 > 中考英語 > 正文

2021中考英語重點知識歸納,中考英語知識點歸納(最新完整版)(2)

2021-04-10 14:37:07  來源:網(wǎng)絡(luò)整理

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三.情態(tài)動詞

 

1.考查情態(tài)動詞表示“推測”的用法

[考點快憶] 表示肯定推測的情態(tài)動詞有:must“一定;準(zhǔn)是”,may“也許;可能”,might“或許”;表示否定推測的情態(tài)動詞有:can t“不可能”, couldn t“不會”,may not“也許不”,might not“或許不”;can表示推測時不用于肯定句,may表示推測時不用于疑問句。

 

2.考查情態(tài)動詞引起的一般疑問句的答語

[考點快憶] 回答must時,肯定答語用must,否定答語用needn t或don t have to;卮餹eed時,肯定答語用must,否定答語用needn t;卮餸ay時,肯定答語用may,否定答語用mustn t 或can t。

 

3.考查情態(tài)動詞的意義

[考點快憶] must “必須”;have to“不得不”;need “必須;需要”;can(could)“能;可能”;may (might) “可以;可能”;shall,will (would)“將;會;愿意;要”;should“應(yīng)當(dāng)”。

 

“had better (not) + 動詞原形”表示建議;have to / has to / had to的否定,疑問形式要借助于助動詞do / does / did。

 

四. There be 的句子結(jié)構(gòu)

 

There be是一個“存在”句型,表示“有”的意思,

 

肯定句的形式為:There be + 名詞(單數(shù)或復(fù)數(shù))+地點狀語或時間狀語。

 

be動詞單復(fù)數(shù)的確定,看be后邊先進個名詞,當(dāng)所接主語為單數(shù)或不可數(shù)名詞時,be動詞形式為is;當(dāng)所接主語為復(fù)數(shù)名詞時,be動詞為are;當(dāng)be動詞后接兩個以上主語時,be動詞與較臨近主語保持?jǐn)?shù)上的一致。意思為“某地有某人或某物”。如:

 

There is an eraser and two pens>There are two pens and an eraser

 

(1)there be的否定句,即在be的后面加上not。

 

否定形式為:There be + not + (any) + 名詞+地點狀語。

 

There is not any cat in the room. 房間里沒貓。

There aren t any books

 

(2)there be句型的疑問句就是將be提到句首:Be there + (any) +名詞+地點狀語

 

肯定回答:Yes, there is / are. 否定回答:No, there isn t / aren t.

 

-Is there a dog in the picture?畫上有一只狗嗎

-Yes, there is. 有。

 

-Are there any boats in the river?河里有船嗎

-No, there aren t. 沒有。

 

(3)特殊疑問句:How many . . . are there (+地點狀語)

 

某地有多少人或物回答用There be . . .

 

有時直接就用數(shù)字來回答。One. / Two . . .

 

-How many students are there in the classroom?教室里有多少孩子

 

(4)如果名詞是不可數(shù)名詞,用:How much + 不可數(shù)名詞 + is there + 地點狀語

 

How much water is there in the cup?杯中有多少水

 

五. 中考對定語從句的考查:

 

一.定語從句的功用和結(jié)構(gòu)

 

在復(fù)合句中,修飾某一名詞或代詞的從句叫做定語從句。被定從句修飾的詞叫做先行詞。定語從句必須放在先行詞之后。引導(dǎo)定語從句的關(guān)聯(lián)詞有關(guān)系代詞和關(guān)系副詞。例如:

This is the present that he gave me for my birthday

 

二.關(guān)系代詞和關(guān)系副詞的功用

 

關(guān)系代詞和關(guān)系副詞用來引導(dǎo)定于從句,在先行詞和定語從句之間起紐帶作用,使二者聯(lián)系起來。關(guān)系代詞和關(guān)系副詞又在定語從句中充當(dāng)一個成分。關(guān)系待客做主語,賓語,定語,關(guān)系副詞可作狀語。

<1>. 作主語:關(guān)系代詞在定語從句中作主語時,從句的謂語動詞的人稱和數(shù)須和先行詞一致。例如: 

 

I don’t like people who talk much but do little.

The cars which are produced in Hubei Province sell very well.

 

<2>. 作賓語:She is the person that I met at the school gate yesterday.

The book that my grandmother gave me is called “The Great Escape”.

 

<3>. 作定語

 

關(guān)系代詞whose在定語從句中作定語用。例如:

 

What’s the name of the young man whose sister is a doctor?

The girl whose father is a teacher studies very hard.

 

<4>. 作狀語     

 

 I’ll never forget the day when I first came to Beijing.

 

三. 各個關(guān)系代詞和關(guān)系副詞的具體用法

 

1. who 指人,在定語從句中作主語。例如:

The person who broke the window must pay for it.

The boy who is wearing the black jacket is very clever.

 

2. whom指人,在定語從句中作賓語。例如:

 

Do you know the young man (whom) we met at the gate?

Mr Lee (whom) you want to see has come.

 

3. whose 指人,在定語從句中作定語。例如:

 

The girl whose mother is ill is staying at home today.

I know the boy whose father is a professor.

 

4. which指物,在定語從中作主語或賓語。例如:

 

A dictionary is a book which gives the meaning of words.

Here is the book (which) the teacher mentioned yesterday.

 

5. that多指物,有時也指人,在定語從句中作主語或賓語。例如:

 

I’ve read the newspaper that(which) carries the important news.

Who is the person that is reading the newspaper over there?

 

6. when 指時間,在定語從句中作狀語。例如:

 

I’ll never forget the time when we worked>He arrived in Beijing>

 

7. where 指地點,在定語從句中作狀語。例如:

 

This is the house where we lived last year.

The factory where his father works is in the east of the city.

 

四. 關(guān)系代詞 whom, which 在定語從句中作介詞賓語時,可以和介詞一起放于先行詞與定語從句之間,有時為了關(guān)系緊湊也可以將 whom 與 which 與先行詞緊挨著書寫,而將介詞置于定語從句的后面,如:

 

That was the room in which we had lived for ten years. = That was the room

which we had lived in for ten years.

 

五. 具體使用時還要注意下列問題:

 

1. 只能使用that,不用which 的情況:

(1) 先行詞是all, few, little, nothing, everything, anything 等不定代詞時。

All that he said is true.

 

(2) 先行詞被only, no, any, all,等詞修飾時。

 

(3) 先行詞是序數(shù)詞或被序數(shù)詞修飾的詞。例如:

He was the second (person) that told me the secret.

 

(4) 先行詞是形容詞更高級或被形容詞更高級修飾的詞。

This is the best book (that) I have read this year.

 

(5) 先行詞既包括人又包括物時。例如:

He talked about the people and the things he remembered.

 

2. 只能用which,不用that 的情況:

(1) 在非限制性定語從中。例如:

The meeting was put off, which was exactly what we wanted.

 

(2) 定語從句由介詞+關(guān)系代詞引導(dǎo),先行詞是物時。例如:

The thing about which he is talking is of great importance.

 

考查的主要形式是單項填空、完型填空、短文填空和完成句子。閱讀理解和書面表達肯定也要用到定語從句。

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