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小學階段需掌握的英語語法 談談虛擬語氣

2009-02-18 10:26:55  來源:小學英語輔導 文章作者:匿名

  如果你看到下列的句子,你會認為它們是正確的還是錯的呢?

  1.I wish I were a bird.

  2.We request that you be here tomorrow.

  也許你會說:"哈哈,先進句的 I were 錯了,應該是 I was;而第二句中的 you be是什么東東呀?不是 you are, 也不是 you will be, 什么 you be?!"其實上面的句子都是一種稱為 Subjunctive 類型的句子。Subjunctive Mood 有的書譯為"假設語氣",雖不很貼切;但在相當大的程度上,告訴我們這種句子的特點。Subjunctive Mood中文譯作"虛擬語氣",似乎不及"假設語氣"那么容易明白。它是一種動詞形式,表示說話人的某種假設、愿望、懷疑、猜測、建議等含義;旧希摂M語氣可分為虛擬現在(Subjunctive Present)和虛擬過去(Subjunctive Past)兩種;但它們和時態(tài)(Tenses)上所指的現在時態(tài)(Present Tense)和過去時態(tài)(Past Tense)是有所不同的。

  一、虛擬現在(Subjunctive Present):

  虛擬現在的句子,在任何時候都要用動詞的原形(root form),就算是第三人稱(he,she, it)也是如此。如:

  1.1 現在時態(tài)(Simple Present): (右邊為虛擬語氣)

  I work ---- I work

  you work ---- you work

  he works ---- he work (注意到了嗎,是 work,不是 works)

  she works ---- she work (不是 she works 喔)

  it works ---- it work (同樣不是 it works 喔)

  we work ---- we work

  they work ---- they work

  1.2 現在進行時態(tài)(Present Continuous):(右邊為虛擬語氣)

  I am working ---- I be working (注意用的是 be,怪怪的!)

  you are working ---- you be working

  he is working ---- he be working

  she is working ---- she be working

  it is working ---- it be working

  we are working ---- we be working

  they are woring ---- they be working

  1.3 現在完成時態(tài)(Present Perfect):(右邊為虛擬語氣)

  I have worked ---- I have worked

  you have worked ---- you have worked

  he has worked ----- he have worked (用的還是have喔)

  she has worked ---- she have worked

  it has worked ---- it have worked

  we have worked ---- we have worked

  they have worked ---- they have worked

  1.4 現在完成進行時態(tài)(Present Perfect Continuous):(右邊為虛擬語氣)

  I have been working ---- I have been working

  you have been working ---- you have been working

  he has been working ---- he have been working (是 he have, 不是 he has )

  she has been working ---- she have been working

  it has been working --- it have been working

  we have been working ---- we have been working

  they have been working ---- they have been working

  談談虛擬語氣(Subjunctive Mood)(二)

  

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