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小學(xué)英語基本語法與練習(xí)一 名詞

2010-01-29 13:11:09  來源:英語網(wǎng) 文章作者:匿名

  知識要點


  一、名詞的數(shù)


  在英語中,名詞按其所表示的事物的性質(zhì)可分為可數(shù)名詞和不可數(shù)名詞。可數(shù)名詞有單數(shù)和復(fù)數(shù)兩種形式。單數(shù)名詞表示一個可數(shù)事物。復(fù)數(shù)名詞表示兩個或兩個以上的可數(shù)事物。可數(shù)名詞可分為單數(shù)和復(fù)數(shù)兩種形式:表示一個人或事物的名詞用單數(shù)形式,在使用時,前面一般加不定冠詞a或an,表示兩個或兩個以上的人或事物的名詞用復(fù)數(shù)形式,一般是在詞干后附加詞尾s 或es,如:bags ,boxes.名詞單數(shù)變復(fù)數(shù)具體規(guī)則如下:


  1).規(guī)則變化


 、僖话阍诿~后加s.如boy→boys, pen→pens等。


 、谝詓, x, sh, ch結(jié)尾的,在后面加es.如class→classes,但stomach的復(fù)數(shù)為stomachs.


  ③"以輔音字母+y"結(jié)尾的,y變?yōu)閕,然后再加es.如baby→babies.


 、芤詅或fe結(jié)尾的名詞把f或fe改為v, 再加es. 如knife, half, leaf, wolf等。


 、菀詏結(jié)尾的名詞,除tomato, potato等少數(shù)在后面加es外,一般是在后面直接加s.如kilo→kilos, photo→photos, zoo→zoos, radio→radios, piano→pianos, video→videos.


  2).不規(guī)則變化


 、 man→men, woman→women, foot→feet, tooth→teeth,,child-children,mouse→mice


 、 單復(fù)數(shù)形式相同如:sheep→sheep, deer→deer, Japanese→Japanese, Chinese→Chinese等。


 、 有些名詞形式上是單數(shù),實為復(fù)數(shù)意義,通常被稱為復(fù)數(shù)名詞,如:people, police等。


 、 由-man和-woman構(gòu)成的合成詞如:policeman→policemen, Englishman→Englishmen,Englishwoman-Englishwomen但German不是合成詞,故復(fù)數(shù)形式為Germans.另外被man 或woman 修飾的名詞變復(fù)數(shù)時,兩個名詞都要變。例:a man doctor →two men doctors


  a woman teacher→some women teachers 但: apple tree→apple trees


  ⑤ 有些名詞只有復(fù)數(shù)形式,如:clothes, trousers, glasses, chopsticks等。


 、迶(shù)詞+名詞作定語時, 常采用數(shù)詞+單數(shù)名詞形式,如a two-week holiday,


  an 8-year old girl.另一種常見的形式有five minutes' walk, two days' leave等。


  3)不可數(shù)名詞沒有單復(fù)數(shù)形式,要表示不可數(shù)名詞的數(shù)量,可用以下兩種方法。


 、儆胢uch, a little, a lot of /lots of some, any等修飾不可數(shù)名詞。如:


  The rich man has a lot of money.


 、诳捎帽韱挝坏脑~修飾不可數(shù)名詞, 如:a piece of paper, two pieces of paper,


  a bottle of orange, a glass of milk, three bags of rice。


  二、名詞的格


  1)表示有生命的東西(人或動物)的名詞所有格一般在名詞后加's .如:my father's study以s或es結(jié)尾的復(fù)數(shù)名詞的所有格只在名詞后加' 如: the teachers' reading room 教師閱覽室;不以s結(jié)尾的復(fù)數(shù)名詞的所有格要加's.如:the women's shoes 女式鞋子。如果一樣?xùn)|西為兩人共有,則只在后一個名詞的后面加's。如果不是共有的,則兩個名詞之后都要加's .如:Jane and Helen's room 珍妮和海倫的房間(共有)Bill's and Tom's radios 比爾的收音機(jī)和湯姆的收音機(jī)(不共有)


  2)表示無生命的東西,一般用 of+名詞的結(jié)構(gòu)。如:a map of China


  訓(xùn)練:


  I.寫出下列名詞的復(fù)數(shù)形式。


  1.watch ____________ 11.strawberry _______________


  2.child _____________ 12.thief ____________________


  3. photo ____________ 13.girl student_______________


  4.diary ____________ 14.man doctor_______________


  5.day______________ 15.woman nurse_____________


  6.foot______________ 16.pear tree_________________


  7.book____________ 17. peach____________________


  8.dress ____________ 18. box______________________


  9.tooth____________ 19. baby____________________


  10. deer___________ 20. German__________________


  II. 翻譯下列詞組。


  1.一些桃子 _____________________ 10.我的自行車________________


  2.五袋大米______________________ 11.教師節(jié) ________________


  3.八只腳 _____________________ 12.三八婦女節(jié)________________


  4.二十顆牙齒____________________ 13. 二張紙 ________________


  5.三瓶果汁 _____________________ 14.四個男醫(yī)生________________


  6.四十個女警察__________________ 15.七顆梨樹 ________________


  7.十二把小刀____________________ 16.一副世界地圖______________


  8.九個德國人____________________ 17.Helen的朋友


  9.許多孩子 _____________________ 18.雙胞胎的媽媽______________


  III. 按要求改寫下列句子。


  1. There is an orange tree in the garden.(改為復(fù)數(shù)句)


  ____________________________________________________


  2. She is a good teacher. (改為復(fù)數(shù)句)


  ____________________________________________________


  3. I have some interesting story books. (改為單數(shù)句)


  ____________________________________________________


  4. There are some women teachers over there. (改為單數(shù)句)


  _____________________________________________________


  5. -What is it? -It's a box. (改為復(fù)數(shù)句)


  _____________________________________________________


  IV. 單項選擇。


  ( )1.Mr Smith is _______father. They are twin sisters.


  A. Mary 's and John's B. Mary's and John C. Mary and John's


  ( )2.She needs ___________________.


  A. a glass water B. two glasses of water C. two glasses of waters


  ( )3.There are five______ in our school.


  A. woman teacher B woman teachers C. women teachers


  ( )4.There are many _______ in the fridge.


  A. food B.bread C. vegetables


  ( )5.I'm thirsty. I think I'll buy some______.


  A. water B. eggs C. cakes


  ( ) 6.John bought ___ for himself yesterday.


  A. two pairs of shoes B. two pair of shoe C. two pair of shoes D. two pairs shoe


  ( )7. -What would you like to have for lunch, sir? -I'd like____. !


  A. chicken B. a chicken C. chickens D. the chicken


  ( )8. There are five ___in our factory.


  A. woman driver B, women driver C. woman drivers D. women drivers


  ( )9. The post office is a bit far from here. It's about_____.


  A. thirty minutes's walk B. thirty minute's walk


  C. thirty minutes' walk D. thirty minutes walk


  ( ) 10. _____ turn yellow in autumn.


  A. Leaf B. Leaves C. Leave D. Leafs


  ( ) 11. Will you please show me the way to the _____ shop?


  A. shoe B. shoes' C. shoes D. shoe's


  ( )12. _____ hard work it is!


  A. What a B. How C. What D. How a


  ( )13. His family _____ a happy one.


  A. be B. are C. is D. was


  ( ) 14. I met two _____ in the street yesterday morning.


  A. German B. Australian C. American D. Japanese


  ( ) 15. My grandparents like _____ very much, so they grow some in their _____ garden every year.


  A. vegetable, vegetable B. vegetable, vegetables


  B. C. vegetables, vegetables D. vegetables, vegetable


  V.用所給單詞的正確形式填空。


  1. How many________(sheep) are there on the hill?


  2. There is some________(food) in the basket.


  3. The baby has only two________(tooth) now.


  4. There is a lot of________(water) in the bottle.


  5. There are five________(people ) in his family.


  6. Let's take________(photo), OK?


  7. I have lots of________(tomato) here.


  8. The________(leaf) on the tree turn yellow.


  9. Their________(dictionary) look new.


  11. There are many________(fox) in the picture.


  12.Different people may have different _______(idea).


  13.Would you like some ________(tomato)?


  14. Jim has some ____________(knife).


  15. The girl under the tree is a friend of _______(Lucy).
 

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