2015初中英語語法大全(36)

7、動(dòng)詞的非謂語形式：動(dòng)詞不做謂語時(shí)的固定形式。

(1)動(dòng)詞的非謂語形式包括動(dòng)詞不定式、動(dòng)名詞和分詞三種形式；其中分詞又包含現(xiàn)在分詞和過去分詞兩種形式。它們?cè)诰渥又胁荒軉为?dú)作謂語。

(2)動(dòng)詞不定式：

①形式：動(dòng)詞不定式基本形式由“不定式記號(hào)to+動(dòng)詞原形”構(gòu)成。它的否定形式只要在“to” 前面加上“not”。它的疑問形式是：“wh-疑問詞+to+動(dòng)詞原形”。*它的被動(dòng)形式：“to be +過去分詞”。*它的完成形式：“to have +過去分詞”。

②動(dòng)詞不定式具有名詞、形容詞和副詞的特征,即可以在句子中作主語、賓語、定語、狀語、表語和賓語補(bǔ)足語。但不定式也保留動(dòng)詞的某些特征,即不定式后面可以跟賓語、表語和狀語。動(dòng)詞不定式加上相關(guān)成分就構(gòu)成不定式短語。

③動(dòng)詞不定式可以放在謂語前句子作主語。但是通常將作主語的動(dòng)詞不定式或不定式短語放在謂語后面,而在主語位置用“it”作形式主語(有時(shí)在不定式的前面還會(huì)用for sb.表示不定式的邏輯主語)。如：To help animals is helping people.(幫助動(dòng)物就是幫助人)/ It is very difficult (for us) to learn Chinese well.((對(duì)于我們而言)學(xué)好漢語是非常的困難)/ It took me half an hour to work out this problem.(解出這道題花了我一個(gè)小時(shí)的時(shí)間)

④動(dòng)詞不定式可以作謂語動(dòng)詞(及物動(dòng)詞)的賓語。

[A] 及物動(dòng)詞+不定式一般形式：

如：I would like to have a rest at the moment.(我現(xiàn)在想休息一下)/ They began to search the room for the thief.(他們開始在屋子里搜尋小偷)/ He liked to have a swim in the pool near his house.(他喜愛在靠家的水塘里面游泳)/ When did you learn to speak English?(你什么時(shí)候開始學(xué)英語的？)/ Don’t forget to close the door when you leave.(你離開時(shí)別忘了關(guān)門

[比較] He forgot to turn off the light.(他忘了關(guān)燈.) (沒關(guān))/ He forgot turning off the light.(他忘記關(guān)過燈.)(關(guān)了) /Please remember to ring me up.(記得給我打電話.)(還沒打電話) / I remember calling you yesterday but you forgot.(我記得昨天給你打電話了,但是你忘記了.)(打過電話)

[B] 及物動(dòng)詞+疑問詞+不定式：

 如：He does not know which one to take.(他不知道該選哪個(gè))/ Tell me how to get to the station.(告訴我怎么樣去火車站)/ She asked me what to do for today’s homework.(她問我今天家庭功課做什么)/ Can you teach me how to search the internet?(你能教我怎樣上網(wǎng)嗎？)

[C] 不定式作賓語而后面又有賓語補(bǔ)足語時(shí),通常用it代替作形式賓語,而不定式則后置。如：I found it not very easy to learn to ride a bike.(我發(fā)現(xiàn)學(xué)騎車不很容易)