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小學(xué)英語(yǔ)基礎(chǔ)知識(shí)大全
小學(xué)的英語(yǔ)知識(shí)注重的是基礎(chǔ),對(duì)于英語(yǔ)的從句和其他進(jìn)階要求不高,因此小孩子應(yīng)該先了解這些:
一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)基本用法介紹 一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)的功能:
1.表示事物或人物的特征、狀態(tài)。如:The sky is blue.天空是藍(lán)色的。
2.表示經(jīng)常性或習(xí)慣性的動(dòng)作。如:I get up at six every day.我每天六點(diǎn)起床。
3.表示客觀現(xiàn)實(shí)。如:The earth goes around the sun.地球繞著太陽(yáng)轉(zhuǎn)。
一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)的構(gòu)成:1. be動(dòng)詞:主語(yǔ)+be(am, is, are)+其它。如:I am a boy.我是一個(gè)男孩。
注意:(我用am,你用are,三單is,復(fù)數(shù)are。)
行為動(dòng)詞:
主語(yǔ)+行為動(dòng)詞(+其它)
如:We study English.我們學(xué)習(xí)英語(yǔ)。
注意:(當(dāng)主語(yǔ)為第三人稱單數(shù)(he, she,it)時(shí),要在動(dòng)詞后加"-s"或"-es"。如:Mary likes Chinese.瑪麗喜歡漢語(yǔ)。)
一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)的變化:
1. be動(dòng)詞的變化。
肯定句:主語(yǔ)+be+其它
He is a worker. 他是工人。
否定句:主語(yǔ)+ be + not +其它。
He is not a worker.他不是工人。
一般疑問(wèn)句:Be +主語(yǔ)+其它。
(be動(dòng)詞移到句首)
如:I am a student.
-Are you a student?
-Yes. I am. / No, I'm not.
特殊疑問(wèn)句:疑問(wèn)詞+一般疑問(wèn)句。
如:My bike is under the tree.
Is your bike under the tree?
Where is your bike?
2.行為動(dòng)詞的變化。
肯定句:主語(yǔ)+動(dòng)詞原形(+其它)。
否定句:主語(yǔ)+ don't( doesn't ) +動(dòng)詞原形(+其它)。
如:I like bread. I don't like bread.
當(dāng)主語(yǔ)為第三人稱單數(shù)時(shí),要用doesn't構(gòu)成否定句。
如:He ofter plays football.
He doesn't often play football.
一般疑問(wèn)句:Do( Does ) +主語(yǔ)+動(dòng)詞原形+其它。(句首加助動(dòng)詞do, does)
如:I often play football.
- Do you often play football?
- Yes, I do. / No, I don't.
當(dāng)主語(yǔ)為第三人稱單數(shù)時(shí),要用does構(gòu)成一般疑問(wèn)句。
如:She goes to school by bike.
- Does she go to school by bike?
- Yes, she does. / No, she doesn't.
特殊疑問(wèn)句:疑問(wèn)詞+一般疑問(wèn)句。
如:She goes to school by bike.
Does she go to school by bike?
How does she go to school?
動(dòng)詞+s的變化規(guī)則
1.一般情況下,直接加-s,如:cook-cooks, milk-milks
2.以s. x. sh. ch. o結(jié)尾,加-es,如:guess-guesses, wash-washes, watch-watches, go-goes
3.以“輔音字母+y”結(jié)尾,變y為i, 再加-es,如:study-studies
現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)
1.現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)表示現(xiàn)在正在進(jìn)行或發(fā)生的動(dòng)作,也可表示當(dāng)前一段時(shí)間內(nèi)的活動(dòng)或現(xiàn)階段正在進(jìn)行的動(dòng)作。(句中一般含有now, look, listen.)
2.現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)的肯定句基本結(jié)構(gòu)為be+動(dòng)詞ing.
如:Tom is reading books in his study .
3.現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)的否定句在be后加not。
如:Tom is reading books in his study .
Tom is not reading books in his study .
4.現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)的一般疑問(wèn)句把be動(dòng)詞調(diào)到句首。
如:Tom is reading books in his study .
Is Tom reading books in his study ?
5.現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)的特殊疑問(wèn)的基本結(jié)構(gòu)為:疑問(wèn)詞+一般疑問(wèn)句?
(注意:當(dāng)劃線部分包含謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞時(shí),用疑問(wèn)詞代替劃線部分放到句首,原劃線處應(yīng)加上doing)
如:Tom is reading books in his study .
Tom is reading books in his study .
Is Tom reading books in his study ?
Is Tom reading books in his study ?
What is Tom doing in his study?
Where is Tom reading books?
動(dòng)詞加ing的變化規(guī)則
1.一般情況下,直接加ing,如:cook-cooking
2.以不發(fā)音的e結(jié)尾,去e加ing,如:make-making, taste-tasting
3.如果末尾是輔音字母加一個(gè)元音字母和一個(gè)輔音字母,雙寫(xiě)末尾的輔音字母,再加ing,如:run-running, stop-stopping
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