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11、some
用于肯定句中,在否定句和問句中改為any,但當(dāng)表示委婉語氣時(shí)仍用
如:Can I have some writing paper? Would you like some orange juice?
12、代詞
人稱代詞主格做主語用一般放在句首或動(dòng)詞前,主格分別是 I you he she it we you they。
賓格做賓語用,一般放在動(dòng)詞或介詞后
如:Open them for me. Let us …, join me等。
賓格分別是me you him her it us you them。
形容詞性物主代詞放在名詞前,不能單獨(dú)使用,分別是my your his her its our your their
名詞性物主代詞相當(dāng)于形物加名詞,它只能單獨(dú)使用后面不好加名詞,分別是mine yours his hers its ours yours theirs。
13、介詞
介詞后要么不加動(dòng)詞,加動(dòng)詞只能加動(dòng)詞ing形式
如:be good at running;
do well in jumping;
14、時(shí)間介詞
季節(jié)前,月份前用介詞in
如:in summer;in March
具體的哪一天如星期幾,幾月幾日用介詞on
如:on Saturday; on the second of April; on Wednesday morning
在幾點(diǎn)鐘前用介詞at
如: at a quarter to four;
只在上下午晚上用in
如:in the morning/ afternoon/ evening;
但在夜間用at night。
另:季節(jié),月份和星期前不好加the.
15、名詞復(fù)數(shù)構(gòu)成的方法
有規(guī)則的有:
(1)直接在名詞后加s
(2)如orange—oranges; photo—photos;
(3) 以x, s, sh, ch 結(jié)尾的加es
(4) 如:box—boxes; glass—glasses; waitress—waitresses; watch—watches;peach--peaches
(5) 以輔音字母加y結(jié)尾的改y為i加es
(6) 如:study—studies;library—libraries; hobby—hobbies; family—families;
(7)以f, fe結(jié)尾的改f, fe 為v+es如:knife—knives; thief—thieves(注:以o結(jié)尾的我們學(xué)過的只有mango加es, mango—mangoes其余加s,)
不規(guī)則的有:
man—men; woman—women; people—people; child—children
16、動(dòng)詞第三人稱單數(shù)的構(gòu)成
(1)直接在動(dòng)詞后加s
如:run—runs; dance—dances
(2)以s,sh,ch,o結(jié)尾的加es
(3)如:do—does;go—goes;wash—washes;catch—catches
(4)以輔音字母加y結(jié)尾的改y為i加es
如:study—studies; carry—carries;
17、現(xiàn)在分詞的構(gòu)成
(1)直接在動(dòng)詞后加ing
如:sing—singing; ski—skiing;
(2)雙寫詞尾加ing
如:swim—swimming; jog—jogging;run—running;
(3)以不發(fā)音的e結(jié)尾的去e加ing
如:ride—riding; dance—dancing; make—making;
18、規(guī)則動(dòng)詞過去式的構(gòu)成
(1)直接在動(dòng)詞后加ed
如:clean—cleaned; milk—milked; play—played;
(2)以e結(jié)尾的直接加d
如:dance—danced; taste—tasted;
(3) 以輔音字母加y結(jié)尾的改y為i加ed
如:study—studied;carry—carried;
(4)雙寫詞尾加ed
如:stop—stopped; jog—jogged;
不 規(guī)則的有:am,is—was; are—were; do,does—did; have,has—had; go—went; meet— met; sit—sat; see—saw; get—got; tell—told; run—ran; come—came; steal—stole; read—read;
19、形容詞副詞比較級(jí)的構(gòu)成
規(guī)則的:
(1)直接在形容詞或副詞后加er
如;small—smaller; low—lower;
(2)以e結(jié)尾的加r
如:late—larer;
(3)雙寫詞尾加er
如:big—bigger; thin—thinner; fat—fatter;
(4) 以輔音字母加y結(jié)尾的改y為i加er
如:heavy—heavier; early—earlier;
不規(guī)則的有:
good, well—better(更高級(jí)為best); many, much--- more(更高級(jí)為most);
far---farther;
20、rain與snow的用法
(1)作為名詞意思是雨水和雪是不可數(shù)名詞
如:There is a lot of rain there in spring. 那兒的春天有很多雨水。
(2) 作為動(dòng)詞意思是下雨和下雪,有四種形式分別是:
動(dòng)詞原形rain, snow;
第三人稱單數(shù)rains ,snows;
現(xiàn)在分詞raining; snowing
過去式rained; snowed;
如:①Look! It is raining now. 瞧!天正在下雨。
、贗t often rains in Nantong in summer.南通夏天經(jīng)常下雨。
、 It rained yesterday.昨天下了雨。
、躀t is going to rain tomorrow. 明天要下雨。
(3)形容詞為rainy 和snowy 意思是有雨的和有雪的
如:It is often rainy here in spring.這兒的春天經(jīng)常是有雨的。
If it is rainy tomorrow, I’ll stay at home.如果明天是有雨的,我將呆在家里。
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小一至小五年級(jí)期末試題答案