小學(xué)英語語法�？贾�識(shí)點(diǎn)總結(jié)及練習(xí)

一、名詞復(fù)數(shù)規(guī)則

1．一般情況下，直接加-s，如： book-books, bag-bags, cat-cats, bed-beds

2．以s. x. sh. ch結(jié)尾，加-es，如： bus-buses, box-boxes, brush-brushes, watch-watches

3． 以“輔音字母+y”結(jié)尾，變y為i, 再加-es，如： family-families, strawberry-strawberries

4、以“f或fe”結(jié)尾，變f或fe為v, 再加-es，（但有一個(gè)特例：roof→roofs）。

如： knife-knives  leaf-leaves  wife-wives  thief-thieves  wolf-wolves

5．以“o”結(jié)尾的單詞，如果有生命，加-es；如果沒有生命，加-s。

如：①有生命：potato-potatoes  tomato-tomatoes  mango-mangoes

hero-heroes  Negro- Negroes

②沒生命：radio-radios  piano-pianos  photo-photos  zoo-zoos

6．不規(guī)則名詞的復(fù)數(shù)變化：

（一）完全不規(guī)則：

 woman-women  policeman-policemen  policewoman-policewomen

mouse-mice  child-children  foot-feet  tooth-teeth  man-men

（二）單數(shù)復(fù)數(shù)詞形相同：

fish-fish    sheep-sheep      deer-deer   people-people

Chinese-Chinese     Japanese-Japanese 

寫出下列各詞的復(fù)數(shù)

I _________him _________this ___________her ______

watch _______child _______photo ________diary ______

day________ foot________ book_______ dress ________

tooth_______ sheep ______box_______ strawberry _____

thief _______yo-yo ______ peach______ sandwich ______

man______ woman_______ paper_______    juice___________

water________ milk________ rice__________ tea__________ 

【No. 1】一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)的功能

　　1.表示事物或人物的特征、狀態(tài)。如：The sky is blue.天空是藍(lán)色的。

　　2.表示經(jīng)常性或習(xí)慣性的動(dòng)作。如：I get up at six every day.我每天六點(diǎn)起床。

　　3.表示客觀現(xiàn)實(shí)。如：The earth goes around the sun.地球繞著太陽轉(zhuǎn)。

　　一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)的構(gòu)成

　　1. be動(dòng)詞：主語+be(am,is,are)+其它。如： I am a boy.我是一個(gè)男孩。

　　2.行為動(dòng)詞：主語+行為動(dòng)詞(+其它)。如： We study English.我們學(xué)習(xí)英語。 當(dāng)主語為第三人稱單數(shù)(he, she,it)時(shí)，要在動(dòng)詞后加"-s"或"-es"。如：Mary likes Chinese.瑪麗喜歡漢語。

　　一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)的變化

　　1. be動(dòng)詞的變化。

　　否定句：主語+ be + not +其它。 如：He is not a worker.他不是工人。

　　一般疑問句：Be +主語+其它。 如：-Are you a student?

　　　　-Yes. I am. / No, I'm not.

特殊疑問句：疑問詞+一般疑問句。如：Where is my bike?

　　2.行為動(dòng)詞的變化。

　　否定句：主語+ don't( doesn't ) +動(dòng)詞原形(+其它)。如：

　　I don't like bread.

　　當(dāng)主語為第三人稱單數(shù)時(shí)，要用doesn't構(gòu)成否定句。如：

　　He doesn't often play.

　　一般疑問句：Do( Does ) +主語+動(dòng)詞原形+其它。如：

　　- Do you often play football? - Yes, I do. / No, I don't.

　　當(dāng)主語為第三人稱單數(shù)時(shí)，要用does構(gòu)成一般疑問句。如：

　　- Does she go to work by bike? - Yes, she does. / No, she doesn't.

　　特殊疑問句：疑問詞+一般疑問句。如：How does your father go to work?

動(dòng)詞+s的變化規(guī)則

1．一般情況下，直接加-s，如：cook-cooks, milk-milks

2．以s. x. sh. ch. o結(jié)尾，加-es，如：guess-guesses, wash-washes, watch-watches, go-goes

3．以“輔音字母+y”結(jié)尾，變y為i, 再加-es，如：study-studies 

一、 寫出下列動(dòng)詞的第三人稱單數(shù)

drink ________ go _______ stay ________ make ________

look _________ have_______ pass_______  carry ____

come________   watch______ plant_______ fly ________

study_______ brush________ do_________  teach_______

二、用括號(hào)內(nèi)動(dòng)詞的適當(dāng)形式填空。

1. He often ________(have) dinner at home.

2. Daniel and Tommy _______(be) in Class One.

3. We _______(not watch) TV on Monday.

4. Nick _______(not go) to the zoo on Sunday.

5. ______ they ________(like) the World Cup?

6. What _______they often _______(do) on Saturdays?

7. _______ your parents _______(read) newspapers every day?

8. The girl _______(teach) us English on Sundays.

9. She and I ________(take) a walk together every evening.

10. There ________(be) some water in the bottle.

11. Mike _______(like) cooking.

12. They _______(have) the same hobby.

13. My aunt _______(look) after her baby carefully.

14. You always _______(do) your homework well.

15. I _______(be) ill. I’m staying in bed.

16. She _______(go) to school from Monday to Friday.

17. Liu Tao _______(do) not like PE.

18. The child often _______(watch) TV in the evening.

19. Su Hai and Su Yang _______(have) eight lessons this term.

20.  －What day _______(be) it today?

－ It’s Saturday. 

三、現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)

1．現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)表示現(xiàn)在正在進(jìn)行或發(fā)生的動(dòng)作，也可表示當(dāng)前一段時(shí)間內(nèi)的活動(dòng)或現(xiàn)階段正在進(jìn)行的動(dòng)作。

2．現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)的肯定句基本結(jié)構(gòu)為be+動(dòng)詞ing.

3．現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)的否定句在be后加not。

4．現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)的一般疑問句把be動(dòng)詞調(diào)到句首。

5．現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)的特殊疑問的基本結(jié)構(gòu)為：

疑問詞不達(dá)意 + be + 主語 + 動(dòng)詞ing?

   但疑問詞當(dāng)主語時(shí)其結(jié)構(gòu)為：

   疑問詞不達(dá)意 + be + 動(dòng)詞ing?

動(dòng)詞加ing的變化規(guī)則

1．一般情況下，直接加ing，如：cook-cooking

2．以不發(fā)音的e結(jié)尾，去e加ing，如：make-making, taste-tasting

3．如果末尾是一個(gè)元音字母和一個(gè)輔音字母，雙寫末尾的輔音字母，再加ing，如：run-running, stop-stopping 

一、寫出下列動(dòng)詞的現(xiàn)在分詞：

play________ run__________ swim _________make__________

go_________ like________  write________ _ski___________

read________ have_________ sing  ________ dance_________

put_________ see________ buy _________ love____________

live_______ take_________ come ________  get_________

stop_________ sit ________ begin________ shop___________

二、用所給的動(dòng)詞的正確形式填空：

1.The boy __________________ ( draw)a picture now.

2. Listen .Some girls _______________ ( sing)in the classroom .

3. My mother _________________ ( cook )some nice food  now.

4. What _____ you ______ ( do ) now?

5. Look . They _______________( have) an English lesson .

6.They ____________(not ,water) the flowers now.

7.Look! the girls ________________(dance )in the classroom .

8.What is our granddaughter doing? She _________(listen ) to music.

9. It’s  5  o’clock now. We _____________(have)supper now

10.______Helen____________(wash )clothes? Yes ,she is . 

四、一般將來時(shí)

一、概念：表示將要發(fā)生的動(dòng)作或存在的狀態(tài)及打算、計(jì)劃或準(zhǔn)備做某事。句中一般有以下時(shí)間狀語：tomorrow, next day(week, month, year…),soon, the day after tomorrow（后天）等。

二、基本結(jié)構(gòu)：

①be going to + do；

②will+ do.

三、否定句：在be動(dòng)詞（am, is, are）l后加not或情態(tài)動(dòng)詞will后加not成won’t。

例如：I’m going to have a picnic this afternoon.→ I’m not going to have a picnic this afternoon.

四、一般疑問句： be或will提到句首，some改為any, and改為or，先進(jìn)二人稱互換。 例如：We are going to go on an outing this weekend. → Are you going to go on an outing this weekend?

五、對(duì)劃線部分提問。一般情況，一般將來時(shí)的對(duì)劃線部分有三種情況。

1.問人。Who 例如：I’m going to New York soon. →Who’s going to New York soon.

2.問干什么。What … do.例如： My father is going to watch a race with me this afternoon. →What is your father going to do with you this afternoon.

3. 問什么時(shí)候。When.例如：She’s going to go to bed at nine. →When is she going to bed?

六、同義句：be going to = will

I am going to go swimming tomorrow（明天）. = I will go swimming tomorrow. 

1.我打算明天和朋友去野炊。

I_____ _______ _________ have a picnic with my friends.

I ________ have a picnic with my friends.

2.下個(gè)星期一你打算去干嘛? 我想去打籃球。

What ________ ________ _________ _________ _________ next Monday? I _______ ______ _____ play basketball.

What _________ you do next Monday? I ________ play basketball.

3. 你媽媽這個(gè)周末去購(gòu)物嗎？是，她要去買一些水果。

_____ your mother _______ ________ go shopping this ___________?

Yes, she _________. She ______ ________ __________ buy some fruit.

4. 你們打算什么時(shí)候見面。

What time _______ you _________ __________ meet?

改句子。

5. Nancy is going to go camping.（改否定）

Nancy ________ going to go camping.

6. I’ll go and join them.（改否定） I _______ go ______ join them.

7. I’m going to get up at 6:30 tomorrow.（改一般疑問句）

________ _______ ________ to get up at 6:30 tomorrow?

8. We will meet at the bus stop at 10:30.（改一般疑問句）

_______ ________ meet at the bus stop at 10:30.

9. She is going to listen to music after school.（對(duì)劃線部分提問）

________ _______ she ________ ________ _________ after school?

10. My father and mother are going to see a play the day after tomorrow.(同上) _________ _________ going to see a play the day after tomorrow.

用所給詞的適當(dāng)形式填空。

11. Today is a sunny day. We ___________________ (have) a picnic this afternoon.

12. My brother _______________ (go) to Shanghai next week.

13. Tom often ______________(go) to school on foot. But today is rain. He ______________ (go) to school by bike.

14.What do you usually do at weekends? I usually __________ (watch) TV and ____________(catch) insects?

15. It’s Friday today. What _____she _________ (do) this weekend? She ______________ (watch) TV and _____________ (catch) insects.

16. What ___________ (d0) you do last Sunday? I ____________ (pick) apples on a farm. What ______________ (do) next Sunday? I ______________ (milk) cows.

17. Mary ____________ (visit) her grandparents tomorrow.

18. Liu Tao ____________ (fly) kites in the playground yesterday.

19. David ______________ (give) a puppet show next Monday.

20. I ________________ (plan) for my study now 

五、形容詞和副詞的比較級(jí)

一、形容詞的比較級(jí)

1、形容詞比較級(jí)在句子中的運(yùn)用：兩個(gè)事物或人的比較用比較級(jí)，比較級(jí)后面一般帶有單詞than。比較級(jí)前面可以用more, a little 來修飾表示程度。than后的人稱代詞用主格（口語中可用賓格）。

2．形容詞加er的規(guī)則：

⑴一般在詞尾加er ；

⑵以字母e 結(jié)尾，加r ；

⑶以一個(gè)元音字母和一個(gè)輔音字母結(jié)尾，應(yīng)雙寫末尾的輔音字母，再加er ；

⑷以“輔音字母+y”結(jié)尾，先把y變i，再加er 。

3．不規(guī)則形容詞比較級(jí)：

  good-better, beautiful-more beautiful

二、副詞的比較級(jí)

1．形容詞與副詞的區(qū)別 (有be用形，有形用be；有動(dòng)用副，有副用動(dòng))

  ⑴在句子中形容詞一般處于名詞之前或be動(dòng)詞之后

⑵副詞在句子中較常見的是處于實(shí)義動(dòng)詞之后

2．副詞比較級(jí)的變化規(guī)則基本與形容詞比較級(jí)相同 (不規(guī)則變化：well-better, far-farther) 

一)、寫出下列形容詞或副詞的比較級(jí)

  old__________   young________   tall_______   long________ 

  short________   strong________   big________   small_______

  fat_________    thin__________   heavy______   light________

  nice_________   good_________   beautiful__________________

  low__________   high_________   slow_______   fast________

  late__________   early_________  far_________  well_______

二)、根據(jù)句意填入單詞的正確形式：

1. My brother is two years __________(old)than me.

2. Tom is as ________(fat) as Jim.

3. Is your sister __________(young) than you? Yes,she is.

4. Who is ___________(thin),you or Helen? Helen is.

5. Whose pencil-box is __________(big),yours or hers? Hers is.

6. Mary’s hair is as __________(long) as Lucy’s.

7.Ben ______ (jump) ________ (high) than some of the boys in his class.

8.________ Nancy sing __________ (well) than Helen? Yes, she _____.

9.Fangfang is not as _________ (tall) as the other girls.

10.My eyes are __________(big) than ________ (she)..

11.Which is ___________(heavy),the elephant or the pig?

12.Who gets up _________(early),Tim or Tom?

13._____the girls get up_______(early) than the boys?No,they______.

14. Jim runs _____(slow). But Ben runs _____(slow).

15.The child doesn’t______(write) as ____(fast) as the students.

六、一般過去時(shí)

1．一般過去時(shí)表示過去某個(gè)時(shí)間發(fā)生的動(dòng)作或存在的狀態(tài)，常和表示過去的時(shí)間狀語連用。一般過去時(shí)也表示過去經(jīng)常或反復(fù)發(fā)生的動(dòng)作感謝。

2．Be動(dòng)詞在一般過去時(shí)中的變化：

⑴am 和is在一般過去時(shí)中變?yōu)閣as。（was not=wasn’t）

⑵are在一般過去時(shí)中變?yōu)閣ere。（were not=weren’t）

⑶帶有was或were的句子，其否定、疑問的變化和is, am, are一樣，即否定句在was或were后加not，一般疑問句把was或were調(diào)到句首。

3．句中沒有be動(dòng)詞的一般過去時(shí)的句子

 否定句：didn’t +動(dòng)詞原形，如：Jim didn’t go home yesterday.

 一般疑問句：在句首加did，句子中的動(dòng)詞過去式變回原形。

如：Did Jim go home yesterday?

   特殊疑問句：⑴疑問詞+did+主語+動(dòng)詞原形？ 如： What did Jim do yesterday?

⑵疑問詞當(dāng)主語時(shí)：疑問詞+動(dòng)詞過去式？ 如：Who went to home yesterday?

動(dòng)詞過去式變化規(guī)則：

1．一般在動(dòng)詞末尾加-ed，如：pull-pulled, cook-cooked

2．結(jié)尾是e加d，如：taste-tasted

3．末尾只有一個(gè)元音字母和一個(gè)輔音字母的重讀閉音節(jié)，應(yīng)雙寫末尾的輔音字母，再加-ed，如：stop-stopped

4．以“輔音字母+y”結(jié)尾的，變y為i， 再加-ed，如：study-studied

5．不規(guī)則動(dòng)詞過去式：

am,is-was, are-were, do-did, see-saw, say-said, give-gave, get-got, go-went, come-came, have-had, eat-ate, take-took, run-ran, sing-sang, put-put, make-made, read-read, write-wrote, draw-drew, drink-drank, fly-flew, ride-rode, speak-spoke, sweep-swept, swim-swam, sit-sat 

一般過去時(shí)訓(xùn)練

寫出下列動(dòng)詞的過去式

is\am_________ fly_______ plant________ are ________

drink_________ play_______ go________ make ________

does_________ dance________ worry________ ask _____

taste_________ eat__________ draw________ put ______

throw________ kick_________ pass_______ do  ________

Be動(dòng)詞的過去時(shí)訓(xùn)練

一、用be動(dòng)詞的適當(dāng)形式填空

1.  I _______ at school just now.

2.  He ________ at the camp last week.

3.  We ________ students two years ago.

4.  They ________ on the farm a moment ago.

5.  Yang Ling ________ eleven years old last year.

6. There ________ an apple on the plate yesterday.

7. There ________ some milk in the fridge on Sunday.

8. The mobile phone _______ on the sofa yesterday evening.

行為動(dòng)詞的過去時(shí)訓(xùn)練

一、用行為動(dòng)詞的適當(dāng)形式填空

1. He _________ (live) in Wuxi two years ago.

2. The cat ________ (eat) a bird last night.

3. We _______ (have) a party last Halloween.

4. Nancy ________ (pick) up oranges on the farm last week.

5. I ________ (make) a model ship with Mike yesterday.

6. They ________ (play) chess in the classroom last PE lesson.

7. My mother _______ (cook) a nice food last Spring Festival.

8. The girls ________ (sing) and _______ (dance) at the party. 

七、時(shí)間介詞要點(diǎn)

1．a(chǎn)t

表示時(shí)間概念的某一個(gè)點(diǎn)。（在某時(shí)刻、時(shí)間、階段等）。 

at 1：00（dawn，midnight，noon）在一點(diǎn)鐘（黎明、午夜、中午） 

these are our chief tasks at the present stage．這些就是我們現(xiàn)階段的主要任務(wù)。 

2．on 

1）表示具體日期。 

they arrived in shanghai on may 

他們?cè)谖逶露�十五日到達(dá)上海。 

注：（1）關(guān)于"在周末"的幾種表示法： 

at（on）the weekend?在周末---特指 

at（on）weekends?在周末---泛指 

over the weekend?在整個(gè)周末 

during the weekend?在周末期間 

（2）在圣誕節(jié)，應(yīng)說"at christmas而不說"on christmas 

2）在（剛……）的時(shí)候。 

 on reaching the city he called up his parents．一到城里他就給父母打了一個(gè)電話。 

3．in 

1）表示"時(shí)段"、"時(shí)期"，在多數(shù)情況下可以和dur- ing互換，前者強(qiáng)調(diào)對(duì)比，后者強(qiáng)調(diào)持續(xù)。 in（during）1988（december，the 20th century）在一九八八年（十二月、二十世紀(jì)） 

i returned to beijing in the middle of june．我是六月中回北京的。 但如果表示"在某項(xiàng)活動(dòng)的期間"，則只能用during。 

during my military service（the trip）在我服役期間（在旅行期間） 

?2）表示以說話時(shí)間為基點(diǎn)的"（若干時(shí)間）以后"，常用作將來時(shí)態(tài)謂語的時(shí)間狀語。如這時(shí)要表示"（若干時(shí)間）內(nèi)"，常用within。

比較： 

the meeting will end in 30?minutes．（三十分鐘后）會(huì)議三十分鐘后結(jié)束。 

can you finish it within 30?minutes？（三十分鐘內(nèi)）你能在三十分鐘之內(nèi)完成這件事嗎？ 

 但在過去時(shí)態(tài)中，in可用于表"在若干時(shí)間以內(nèi)"，這時(shí)不要誤用during。 the job was done during a week．（wrong） 

the job was done in a week．（right）這工作在一星期內(nèi)就完成了。 

4．a(chǎn)fter

表示"在（某具體時(shí)間）以后"，注意不要和in的2）意混淆。 

??after supper（8?o’clock，the war）晚飯（八點(diǎn)、戰(zhàn)）后 比較：he will be back in two hours．他將在兩個(gè)小時(shí)以后回來。 

he returned to?his hometown after the war．戰(zhàn)后他回到了故鄉(xiāng)。

5．for

表示"（動(dòng)作延續(xù)）若干時(shí)間"，有時(shí)可省略。 i stayed in london（for）two days on my way to new york．在去紐約的途中，我在倫敦呆了兩天。 

6．since

表示"自（某具體時(shí)間）以來"，常用作完成時(shí)態(tài)謂語的時(shí)間狀語。 

since liberation（1980）自從解放（1980年）以來 they have been close friends since childhood．他們從小就是好朋友。 注： 

（1）since the war是指"自從戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng)結(jié)束以來"，若指"自從戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng)開始以來"，須說"since the beginning of the war"。 

 （2）不要將since與after混淆。 比較：he has worked here since 1965．（指一段時(shí)間，強(qiáng)調(diào)時(shí)間段）自從1965年以來，他一直在這兒工作。 he began to work here after 1965．（指一點(diǎn)時(shí)間，強(qiáng)調(diào)時(shí)間點(diǎn)）從1965年以后，他開始在這兒工作。 

7．by

表示"到……的時(shí)候"，其謂語時(shí)態(tài)的用法：動(dòng)作動(dòng)詞常用完成時(shí)態(tài)；狀態(tài)動(dòng)詞（be）常用一般時(shí)態(tài)。 

比較： 

by noon，everybody had（will have）arrived there． by noon，everybody were（will be）there． 到中午的時(shí)候，大家都（將）到那兒了。 以上探討了介詞表示時(shí)間概念時(shí)的用法和比較，上述介詞除表示時(shí)間概念外還有其他的用法，英語學(xué)習(xí)者必須掌握其各種用法，才能靈活運(yùn)用，提高自己的語言能力。