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初中英語(yǔ)九種基本時(shí)態(tài)(完整版)。英語(yǔ)時(shí)態(tài)是初中英語(yǔ)的可能會(huì)功課目,也包含了80%的高頻考點(diǎn),想要在英語(yǔ)的診斷中拿到優(yōu)異,就必須把時(shí)態(tài)這一塊吃透。學(xué)習(xí)時(shí)態(tài)也是有技巧的方法的,同學(xué)們要善于總結(jié),把所有學(xué)習(xí)的知識(shí)點(diǎn)都聯(lián)系起來(lái),效果才會(huì)更好!下面小編為大家?guī)?lái)初中英語(yǔ)九種基本時(shí)態(tài)(完整版)。
英語(yǔ)的時(shí)態(tài):一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)、一般過(guò)去時(shí)、一般將來(lái)時(shí)、現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)、過(guò)去進(jìn)行時(shí)、現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)、過(guò)去完成時(shí),過(guò)去將來(lái)時(shí),現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時(shí)
1.一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)的用法
1)表示經(jīng)常性、習(xí)慣性的動(dòng)作;表示現(xiàn)在的狀態(tài)、特征和真理.句中常用 often,usually,every day等時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)。例如:
He goes to school every day.(經(jīng)常性動(dòng)作)
He is very happy.(現(xiàn)在的狀態(tài))
The earth moves around the sun.(真理)
2)在時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句和條件狀語(yǔ)從句中,用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)表示將來(lái).例如:
If you come this afternoon,we' ll have a meeting.
When I graduate,I’ll go to the countryside.
3)有時(shí)這個(gè)時(shí)態(tài)表示按計(jì)劃、規(guī)定要發(fā)生的動(dòng)作,(句中都帶有時(shí)間狀語(yǔ))但限于少數(shù)動(dòng)詞如 begin,come,leave,go,arrive,start,stop,return,open,close等.例如:
The meeting begins at seven.
The train starts at nine in the morning.
4)表示狀態(tài)和感覺(jué)的動(dòng)詞,如 be,like,hate,think,remember,find,sound等常用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí).例如: I like English very much.
The story sounds very interesting.
5)書(shū)報(bào)的標(biāo)題,小說(shuō)等情節(jié)介紹常用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí).
2.一般過(guò)去時(shí)的用法
l)表示過(guò)去某時(shí)間發(fā)生的事、存在的狀態(tài)或過(guò)去反復(fù)發(fā)生的動(dòng)作.
He saw Mr Wang yesterday.
He worked in a factory in 1986
2)表示過(guò)去經(jīng)常發(fā)生的動(dòng)作,也可用“used to”和“would +動(dòng)詞原形”。例如: I used to smoke. During the vacation I would swim in the sea.
注意;used to表示過(guò)去常發(fā)生而現(xiàn)在不再發(fā)生的動(dòng)作或存在的狀態(tài)。另外?“to be used to +名詞(動(dòng)句詞)“表示”習(xí)慣于……。例如
I am used to the climate here.
He is used to swimming in winter.
3.一般將來(lái)時(shí)的用法
一般將來(lái)時(shí)表示將來(lái)的動(dòng)作或狀態(tài),其表達(dá)形式除了“ will或 shall十動(dòng)詞原形”外,還有以下幾種形式.
l)“ to be going to十動(dòng)詞原形”,表示即將發(fā)生的或較近打算進(jìn)行的事.例如:
It is going to rain.
We are going to have a meeting today.
2) go,come,start,move,sail,leave等可用進(jìn)行時(shí)態(tài)表示按計(jì)劃即將發(fā)生的動(dòng)作.例如: I’m leaving for Beijing.
3)“be to十動(dòng)詞原形”表示按計(jì)劃要發(fā)生的事或征求對(duì)方意見(jiàn).例如: Are we to go on with this work?
The boy is to go to school tomorrow.
4)“ be about to十動(dòng)詞原形”表示即將發(fā)生的動(dòng)作。例如: We are about to leave.
5)某些詞,如 come,go,leave,arrive,start等的一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)和現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)也可表示將來(lái).
The meeting starts at five o’clock.
He is leaving tomorrow.
4.現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)的用法
1)現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)表示現(xiàn)在正在進(jìn)行的動(dòng)作,由“ to be十現(xiàn)在分詞”構(gòu)成,另外“系動(dòng)詞十介詞或副詞”也表示進(jìn)行時(shí)的意義.例如: What are you doing?
The bridge is under construction.
2)表示感覺(jué),愿望和狀態(tài)的某些動(dòng)詞如 have,be,hear,see,like等詞一般不用進(jìn)行時(shí).
5.過(guò)去進(jìn)行時(shí)的用法
l)過(guò)去進(jìn)行時(shí)表示過(guò)去某一時(shí)刻、某一階段正進(jìn)行的動(dòng)作,由“ was(were)十現(xiàn)在分詞”構(gòu)成.例如:
In 1980 he was studying in a university.
He was reading a novel when I came in.
6.現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)的用法
現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)由“ have十過(guò)去分詞”構(gòu)成.其使用有兩種情況:
1)現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)所表示的動(dòng)作在說(shuō)話(huà)之前已完成,而對(duì)現(xiàn)在有影響.句中沒(méi)有具體時(shí)間狀語(yǔ).例如 He has gone to Fuzhou. (說(shuō)話(huà)人認(rèn)為他不在該地)
He has been to Fuzhou.(說(shuō)話(huà)人認(rèn)為他在該地)
2)現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)所表示的動(dòng)作開(kāi)始于過(guò)去,持續(xù)到現(xiàn)在,也許還會(huì)持續(xù)下去.常用for和 since表示一段時(shí)間的狀語(yǔ)或 so far,now,today, this week( month,year)等表示包括現(xiàn)在時(shí)問(wèn)在內(nèi)的狀語(yǔ)。例如: He has studied English for 5 years.
He has studied English since 1.
Now I have finished the work.
注意:表示短暫時(shí)間動(dòng)作的詞,如 come,go,die,marry,buy等的完成時(shí)不能與for,since等表示一段時(shí)間的詞連用.
3)現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)還可用在時(shí)間和條件狀語(yǔ)從句中、表示將來(lái)某時(shí)完成的動(dòng)作.例如: I’ll go to your home when I have finished my homework.
If it has stopped snowing in the morning,we’ll go to the park.
7.過(guò)去完成時(shí)的用法
l)過(guò)去完成時(shí)由“ had十過(guò)去分詞”構(gòu)成。過(guò)去完成時(shí)的動(dòng)詞表示過(guò)去某一時(shí)刻或某一動(dòng)作之前完成的動(dòng)作或狀態(tài).句中常用 by,before,until,when等詞引導(dǎo)的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ).例如:
By the end of last year we had built five new houses.
I had learnt 5000 words before I entered the university.
2)過(guò)去完成時(shí)的動(dòng)詞還可表示過(guò)去某一時(shí)刻之前發(fā)生的動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)持續(xù)到過(guò)去某個(gè)時(shí)間或持續(xù)下去。例如: Before he slept,he had worked for 12 hours.
8.過(guò)去將來(lái)時(shí)的用法
過(guò)去將來(lái)時(shí)表示從過(guò)去的某時(shí)間看來(lái)將要發(fā)生的動(dòng)作或存在的狀態(tài).過(guò)去將來(lái)時(shí)由“ should或 would十動(dòng)詞原形”構(gòu)成。先進(jìn)人稱(chēng)用 should,其他人稱(chēng)用 would.例如:
They were sure that they would succeed.
9.現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時(shí)的用法
現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時(shí)由“ have(has)十 been十現(xiàn)在分詞”構(gòu)成,表示現(xiàn)在以前一直在進(jìn)行的動(dòng)作。有些詞,如 work,study、live,teach等用現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時(shí)與用現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)意思差不多.例如:
I have worked here for three years.
I have been working here for three years.
但多數(shù)動(dòng)詞在這兩種時(shí)態(tài)中表示不同意思.例如:
I have written a letter(已寫(xiě)完)
I have been writing a letter.(還在寫(xiě))
注意:表示短暫動(dòng)作的動(dòng)詞,如 finish,marry,get up,come,go等不能用這種時(shí)態(tài).
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