2019年北京高三一模英語(yǔ)虛擬語(yǔ)氣練習(xí)

2019-03-06 22:37:33 　來(lái)源：網(wǎng)絡(luò)整理

　　2019年北京高三一模英語(yǔ)虛擬語(yǔ)氣訓(xùn)練！虛擬語(yǔ)氣用來(lái)表示假想，而不表示客觀存在的事實(shí)，所說(shuō)的是一個(gè)條件，不一定是事實(shí)，或與事實(shí)相反。下面是2019年北京高三一模英語(yǔ)虛擬語(yǔ)氣訓(xùn)練!同學(xué)們，加油��！

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　　2019年北京高三一模英語(yǔ)虛擬語(yǔ)氣訓(xùn)練(一)

　　虛擬語(yǔ)氣的用法及形式：

　　一、表示與現(xiàn)在事實(shí)相反的情況：

　　從句：If 主語(yǔ)+過(guò)去時(shí)(Be動(dòng)詞用were)

　　主句：主語(yǔ)+should/would/could/might+do

　　二、表示與過(guò)去事實(shí)相反的情況：

　　從句：If 主語(yǔ)+had+done

　　主句：主語(yǔ)+should/would/could/might+have done三、表示對(duì)將來(lái)情況的主觀推測(cè)：

　　主句：主語(yǔ)+should+do

　　從句：①if+主語(yǔ)+were to do

　�、趇f+主語(yǔ)+should/would/could/might+do

　　③if+主語(yǔ)+did(動(dòng)詞過(guò)去式)/were四、有時(shí)，虛擬條件句中，結(jié)果主句和條件從句的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)作若不是同時(shí)發(fā)生時(shí)，虛擬語(yǔ)氣的形式應(yīng)作相應(yīng)的調(diào)整。這種條件句叫錯(cuò)綜條件句。①?gòu)木涞膭?dòng)作與過(guò)去事實(shí)相反，而主句的動(dòng)作與現(xiàn)在或現(xiàn)在正在發(fā)生的事實(shí)不符。②從句的動(dòng)作與現(xiàn)在事實(shí)相反，而主句的動(dòng)作與過(guò)去事實(shí)不符。五、當(dāng)虛擬條件句的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞含有were,should,had時(shí)，if可以省略，這時(shí)條件從句要用倒裝語(yǔ)序，即把were,should,had等詞置于句首，這種多用于書(shū)面語(yǔ)。六、非真實(shí)條件句中的條件從句有時(shí)不表達(dá)出來(lái)，只暗含在副詞、介詞短語(yǔ)、上下文或其他方式表示出來(lái)，這種句子叫做含蓄條件句，在多數(shù)情況下，條件會(huì)暗含在短語(yǔ)中，如without…，but for…等。

　　七、有時(shí)，虛擬條件句中，主、從句可以省略其中的一個(gè)，來(lái)表示說(shuō)話人的一種強(qiáng)烈的感情。

　　2019年北京高三一模英語(yǔ)虛擬語(yǔ)氣訓(xùn)練(二)

　　用法及動(dòng)詞形式

　　一、表示與現(xiàn)在事實(shí)相反的情況：

　　從句：If 主語(yǔ)+過(guò)去時(shí)(Be動(dòng)詞用were)

　　主句：主語(yǔ)+should/would/could/might+do

　　eg：

　　1.If I were you,I would take an umbrella.

　　如果我是你，我會(huì)帶把傘。(事實(shí)：我不可能是你)

　　2.If I knew his telephone number,I would tell you.

　　如果我知道他的電話號(hào)碼，我就會(huì)告訴你。(事實(shí)：不知道)

　　3.If there were no air or water,there would be no living things on the earth.

　　如果沒(méi)有水和空氣，地球上就不會(huì)有生物。(事實(shí)：地球上既有空氣也有水)

　　4.If I had any money with me,I could lend you some.

　　如果我?guī)уX(qián)了，我就會(huì)借給你些。(事實(shí)：沒(méi)有帶錢(qián))

　　5.If he studied harder,he might pass the exam.

　　如果他再努力些，就能通過(guò)診斷了。(事實(shí)：沒(méi)有努力)

　　(注意：一般在虛擬的條件句中無(wú)論是第幾人稱(chēng)，用到系動(dòng)詞的過(guò)去式時(shí)，只用were而不用was)

　　二、表示與過(guò)去事實(shí)相反的情況

　　從句：If 主語(yǔ)+had+done

　　主句：主語(yǔ)+should/would/could/might+have done

　　eg：

　　1. If I had got there earlier,I should/could have met her. 如果我早到那兒，我就會(huì)見(jiàn)到她。

　　(事實(shí)：去晚了)

　　2.If he had taken my advice,he would not have made such a mistake. 如果他聽(tīng)我的勸告的話，就不會(huì)犯這樣的錯(cuò)誤了。

　　(事實(shí)：沒(méi)有聽(tīng)我的話)

　　3.she looked at me as if I had been a stranger.

　　她看我的樣子好像我是一個(gè)陌生人。(事實(shí)：我并非陌生人)

　　三、表示對(duì)將來(lái)情況的主觀推測(cè)

　　主句：主語(yǔ)+should+do

　　從句：①if+主語(yǔ)+were to do

　�、趇f+主語(yǔ)+should/would/could/might+do

　�、踚f+主語(yǔ)+did(動(dòng)詞過(guò)去式)/were

　　eg：

　　1.If he should come here tomorrow,I would talk to him.

　　如果他明天來(lái)這兒的話，我就跟他談?wù)劇?事實(shí)：來(lái)的可能性很小)

　　2.If there were a heavy snow next Sunday,we would not go skating.

　　如果下周日下大雪，我們就不能去滑冰了。(事實(shí)：下雪可能性很小)

　　3.If she were to be here next Monday,I would tell her about the matter.

　　如果她下周一來(lái)這兒的話，我就會(huì)告訴她這件事的始末。(事實(shí)：來(lái)的可能性很小)

　　四、有時(shí)，虛擬條件句中，結(jié)果主句和條件從句的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)作若不是同時(shí)發(fā)生時(shí)，虛擬語(yǔ)氣的形式應(yīng)作相應(yīng)的調(diào)整。這種條件句叫錯(cuò)綜條件句。

　�、�?gòu)木涞膭?dòng)作與過(guò)去事實(shí)相反，而主句的動(dòng)作與現(xiàn)在或現(xiàn)在正在發(fā)生的事實(shí)不符。

　　eg：

　　If I had worked hard at school,I would be an engineer,too.

　　如果我在學(xué)校學(xué)習(xí)刻苦的話，我現(xiàn)在也會(huì)成為一個(gè)工程師了

　　If they had informed us,we would not come here now.

　　如果他們通知過(guò)我們的話，我們現(xiàn)在就不會(huì)來(lái)這里了。

　　②從句的動(dòng)作與現(xiàn)在事實(shí)相反，而主句的動(dòng)作與過(guò)去事實(shí)不符。

　　如：

　　If he were free today,we would have sent him to Beijing.

　　如果他今天有空的話，我們會(huì)已經(jīng)派他去北京了。

　　If he knew her,he would have greeted her.

　　要是他認(rèn)識(shí)她的話，他肯定會(huì)去問(wèn)候她了。

　　五、當(dāng)虛擬條件句的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞含有were,should,had時(shí)，if可以省略，這時(shí)條件從句要用倒裝語(yǔ)序，即把were,should,had等詞置于句首，這種多用于書(shū)面語(yǔ)。eg：

　　Should he agree to go there,we would send him there.

　　要是他答應(yīng)去的話，我們就派他去。

　　Were she here,she would agree with us.

　　如果她在這兒的話，她會(huì)同意我們的。

　　Had he learnt about computers,we would have hired him to work here.

　　如果他懂一些電腦知識(shí)的話，我們已經(jīng)聘用他來(lái)這里工作了。

　　六、非真實(shí)條件句中的條件從句有時(shí)不表達(dá)出來(lái)，只暗含在副詞、介詞短語(yǔ)、上下文或其他方式表示出來(lái)，這種句子叫做含蓄條件句，在多數(shù)情況下，條件會(huì)暗含在短語(yǔ)中，如without…，but for…等

　　eg：

　　But for his help,we would be working now.

　　要不是他的幫助，我們還會(huì)在工作呢。

　　Without your instruction,I would not have made such great progress.

　　要是沒(méi)有你的指導(dǎo)，我不會(huì)取得如此大的進(jìn)步。

　　We didn't know his telephone number,otherwise we would have telephoned him.

　　我們不知道他的電話號(hào)碼，否則我們就會(huì)給他打電話。

　　七、有時(shí)，虛擬條件句中，主、從句可以省略其中的一個(gè)，來(lái)表示說(shuō)話人的一種強(qiáng)烈的感情。

　　①省略從句

　　He would have finished it. 他本該完成了。

　　You could have passed this exam. 你本能通過(guò)這次診斷的。

　　2019年北京高三一模英語(yǔ)虛擬語(yǔ)氣訓(xùn)練(三)

　　虛擬語(yǔ)氣的形式和用法

　　1、對(duì)現(xiàn)在的虛擬，表示與現(xiàn)在事實(shí)相反的假設(shè)時(shí)，條件狀語(yǔ)從句的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用過(guò)去式(be的過(guò)去式用were.而主句中的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用would (should,could, might) + 動(dòng)詞原形。見(jiàn)下表：

　　條件狀語(yǔ)從句的動(dòng)詞形式

　　主句的動(dòng)詞形式

　　If+主語(yǔ)+ 動(dòng)詞過(guò)去式 (be的過(guò)去式were.在口語(yǔ)等非正式場(chǎng)合中，I，he，she，it等后面也可用was.但在If I were you中，一定要用were，不能用was.

　　I (we)should+動(dòng)詞原形

　　主語(yǔ) + would (might, could)十動(dòng)詞原形

　　例句：

　　·If I were you, I should study English.(fact: I am not you, so I shall not study English.)

　　·If he had time, he would attend themeeting. (fact: He does not have time, so he will not attend the meeting.)

　　·If they didn’t take physical exercisesevery day, they wouldn’t be so healthy. (fact: They take physical exercisesevery day, so they are very healthy.)

　　·If you went to bed earlier, you wouldnot be so sleepy in the morning. (fact: You often go to bed late, so you arealways sleepy in the morning.)

　　·If this were the case, it would be veryawkward. (fact: This is not the case, soit is not awkward.)

　　2、對(duì)過(guò)去的虛擬，表示與過(guò)去的事實(shí)相反的假設(shè)時(shí)，條件狀語(yǔ)從句的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用過(guò)去完成時(shí), 主句的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用would (should,could, might)+過(guò)去分詞。見(jiàn)下表：

　　條件狀語(yǔ)從司的動(dòng)詞形式

　　主句的動(dòng)詞形式

　　If+主語(yǔ)+had+過(guò)去分詞

　　I (we)should+have+過(guò)去分詞

　　主語(yǔ)+could (might,could)+have +過(guò)去分詞

　　例句：

　　·If you had taken my advice, you wouldn’thave failed in the examination. (fact:You did not take my advice, so you have failed in the examination.)

　　·I would have checked my paper again if Ihad had more time at yesterday’s examination. (fact: I did not have more time at yesterday’s exam, so I didn’t checkmy paper again.)

　　·He would have already recovered from hisillness if he had seen the doctor in time. (fact: He didn’t see the doctor intime, so he has not recovered from his illness.)

　　·If we had known that she was to arriveyesterday, we could have met her at the station. (fact: We didn’t know that shewas to arrive yesterday, so we could not meet her at the station.)

　　·You didn’t let me drive. If we haddriven in turn, you wouldn’t have got so tired. (fact: We didn’t drive in turn,so you have got so tired.)

　　3、表示與將來(lái)事實(shí)相反的假設(shè)，對(duì)將來(lái)表示懷疑，或?qū)?lái)的動(dòng)作不太可能實(shí)現(xiàn)時(shí)，條件狀語(yǔ)從句和主句的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞有以下形式：(見(jiàn)表)

　　條件狀語(yǔ)從句的動(dòng)詞形式(三種)

　　主句的動(dòng)詞形式

　　(1) If + 主語(yǔ) + 動(dòng)詞過(guò)去式 (be的過(guò)去式用were). 通常要與一個(gè)表示將來(lái)的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)連用. (2)If+主語(yǔ)(任何人稱(chēng)和數(shù))+should+動(dòng)詞原形

　　(3)if+主語(yǔ)(任何人稱(chēng)和數(shù))+were to+動(dòng)詞原形

　　I (we)should+動(dòng)詞原形

　　主語(yǔ)+would (might, could)+動(dòng)詞原形

　　例句：

　　·If it rained tomorrow, our picnic wouldbe put off.

　　·If it should rain tomorrow, our picnicwould be put off.

　　·If it were to rain tomorrow, our picnicwould be put off.

　　·If you should fail, what would you do?

　　·If I were to see her tomorrow, I wouldtell her the truth.

　　·If it were to rain tomorrow, the meetingwould be put off.

　　·I bet Brazil will win the World Cup. Ifit should lose, I would treat you a meal.

　　注意：當(dāng)條件狀語(yǔ)從句表示的行為和主句表示的行為所發(fā)生的時(shí)間不一致時(shí)，動(dòng)詞的形式要根據(jù)它所表示的時(shí)間來(lái)調(diào)整。

　　If you had worked hard, you would be very tired. (從句說(shuō)的是過(guò)去，主句指的是現(xiàn)在。)

　　If he had followed the doctor’s advice, he would bequite all right now.

　　If I were you, I would have gone home.

　　Ifshe hadn’t trained so hard, she wouldn’t be able to run so fast.

　　虛擬語(yǔ)氣的其他句型和用法

　　1、用在“wish+賓語(yǔ)從句”中，表示很難實(shí)現(xiàn)或不能實(shí)現(xiàn)的愿望，可以翻譯為“但愿…”, “悔不該…”等。表示現(xiàn)在不能實(shí)現(xiàn)的愿望，從句的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用過(guò)去式;表示將來(lái)的愿望，從句的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用“would(could)+動(dòng)詞原形”;對(duì)過(guò)去的事情表示愿望，從句的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用“had+過(guò)去分詞” 或“could + have + 過(guò)去分詞”。Wish 后面的賓語(yǔ)從句必須用虛擬語(yǔ)氣，不管這個(gè)愿望是否能實(shí)現(xiàn)。如：

　　I wish it were spring all the year round.

　　I wish you could go with us.

　　We wish we had arrived there two hours earlier.

　　注意：wish 與hope接賓語(yǔ)從句的區(qū)別在于：hope表示一般可以實(shí)現(xiàn)的希望，賓語(yǔ)從句用陳述語(yǔ)氣。Wish表示很難或不大可能實(shí)現(xiàn)的愿望，賓語(yǔ)從句用虛擬語(yǔ)氣。請(qǐng)比較：

　　We hope we will succeed. (We don’t know if we will succeed.)

　　We wish we would succeed. (We know we can hardlysucceed.)

　　2、用在as if/as though, 或even if/eventhough引導(dǎo)的從句中: 這時(shí)，如果從句中表示的動(dòng)作發(fā)生在過(guò)去，則謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用had+過(guò)去分詞形式;如果指的時(shí)現(xiàn)在的狀況，則用過(guò)去式 (be用were);指將來(lái)則用would(should,could)+動(dòng)詞原形。這里只看從句動(dòng)作發(fā)生的時(shí)間，與主句的時(shí)態(tài)沒(méi)有關(guān)系。

　　Forexample:

　　Some metals look at first sight as though they weregold.

　　He looked as if he were an artist.

　　He speaks English so fluently as if he had studiedEnglish in the U.S.

　　He always sounds as if he would help you.

　　When a pencil is partly in a glass of water, itlooks as if it were broken.

　　Even if he were here, he could not solve theproblem.

　　3、在It is (high)time (that)…句型中，后面的從句的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞常用過(guò)去式 (be的過(guò)去式用were), 或用should+ 動(dòng)詞原形 (should 不能省略) 來(lái)表示。這句話的意思是“(現(xiàn)在)該…”。For example:

　　It is time we left/should leave.

　　It is high time that you got married.

　　It is time that I bought a car.

　　Now it is time that you made some sentences by usingthis pattern. Think about what you should do now.

　　4、在 I would rather(that)…句型中，后面的從句的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用過(guò)去式 (be的過(guò)去式用were)。這句話的意思是“我寧可…”，表示說(shuō)話人的意愿。

　　Forexample:

　　I’d rather I were in the rain now.

　　I’d rather you did not tell him.

　　5、在表示建議、要求、命令等意思的動(dòng)詞，如arrange,command, demand, desire, insist, order, propose, request, require, suggest,beg, move(提議)后面的賓語(yǔ)從句中，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用should+ 動(dòng)詞原形，should可以省略，而引導(dǎo)賓語(yǔ)從句的that 不能省略。例如：

　　We suggested that we (should) have a meeting.

　　We insisted that they (should) go with us.

　　The doctor ordered that she (should) stay in bed fora few days.

　　He demanded that we (should) start right away.

　　The commander ordered that the bridge (should) bebombed.

　　The villagers requested that the old building not bepulled down.

　　　　　　　2019年北京高三一模英語(yǔ)助動(dòng)詞用法訓(xùn)練

　　　　　　　2019年北京高三一模英語(yǔ)倒裝句訓(xùn)練

　　愛(ài)智康高中教育頻道為大家分享的2019年北京高三一模英語(yǔ)虛擬語(yǔ)氣訓(xùn)練到這里就結(jié)束啦，有關(guān)北京高考一�？记拜o導(dǎo)及考后規(guī)劃的課程，請(qǐng)直接撥打免費(fèi)咨詢電話：!2019年高考距離大家越來(lái)越近，同學(xué)們一定要把握現(xiàn)在，有困難克服一下，拿個(gè)好成績(jī)。