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it的概念:
it可用作人稱代詞、指示代詞、先行詞及引導詞等。
it 的用法:
1、it可指天氣、溫度、時間、距離等 。
如:It is cold today, isn't it?
2、用作人稱代詞,代替前文提到過的事物。
如:The dog is not acold-blooded animals. It doesn't need to hibernate.
3、為避免重復,it可用來代替前面說過的短語或句子。
如:I tried to persuade my father to give up smoking, but found it impossible. (it=to persuade my father to give up smoking)
4、代替指示代詞this,that。
如:—What's this?
—It's an album.
—Whose new bike is that?
—It's Mary's.
注:it與one,that的區(qū)別:
it=the(this, that)+名詞,特指并且代替前面所提到的某特定事物。
如:He's bought a new car, so he drives it everywhere to show ito ff.
one=a+名詞,one指前面提到的同類事物中的不同的另一個。
如:He needs a computer, but he can't afford one.
that=the+名詞,that指代的名詞與前面的名詞屬于同一類,但不屬同一個。
如:The population of China is larger than that of Japan. that指代population,但其后有一個of短語作定語,以區(qū)別于the population of China。
注:it與that的異同:
it指同一事物,that指同類但并不是同一事物。
如:I like the climate of Kunming more than that of Beijing.
The climate of Kunming is mild, and I like it.
5、It/This/That+be+the first(second, third...) time+that-clause 這個句型表示截止到說話時為止的某人的一種經(jīng)歷,關鍵是注意time前有序數(shù)詞,主句是一般現(xiàn)在時is時,從句要用現(xiàn)在完成時;如果主句用一般過去時was時,則從句須相應地用過去完成時。
如:This is the first time(that) these Europeans have visited the Great Wall.
It was the fifth time(that) I had paid a friendly visit to America.
6、在一些相對固定的詞組中,沒有特殊含義,經(jīng)常不翻譯。
如:He's never really made it as an actor. 作為演員,他從未獲得過真正的成功。
It is my turn. 輪到我了。
強調(diào)句中的it:
可以用來改變句子結構,使句子的某一成分得到強調(diào):
1)強調(diào)句的基本句型it's/was+被強調(diào)成分+that/who+其他成分
原句:I told Jim the news in our office yesterday.
強調(diào)主語:It was I that/who told Jim the news in our office yesterday.
強調(diào)賓語:It was Jim that I told the news in our office yesterday.
或:It was the news that I told Jim in our office yesterday.
強調(diào)地點狀語:It was in our office that I told Jim the news yesterday.
強調(diào)時間狀語:It was yesterday that I told Jim the news in our office.
2)強調(diào)句的一般疑問句型Is/Was+it+所強調(diào)部分+that/who...?
如:Was it you that told Jim the news in your office yesterday?
3)強調(diào)句的特殊疑問句型疑問詞+is/was+it+that/who...?
如:Who was it that told Jim the news in your office yesterday?
【注】強調(diào)句與主語從句雖然在形式上很相似,即都含有it is(was)...that。但,區(qū)別在于:強調(diào)句去掉it is(was)…that之后,句子結構仍然完整,而主語從句卻不能這樣。
如:(It is)our hope(that) the two sides will work towards peace.
解析:去掉It is…that之后,句子是不成立的。由此得出該句不是強調(diào)句,而是一個簡單的主語從句,it是形式主語,從句是真正的主語。
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各科上學期10月診斷卷及答案
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