51. Using many symbols makes it possible to put a large amount of information on a single map. 使用多種多樣的符號(hào)可以在一張地圖里放進(jìn)大量的信息。

　　52. Anarchism is a term describing a cluster of doctrines and attitudes whose principal uniting feature is the belief that government is both harmful and unnecessary. 無(wú)政府主義這個(gè)詞描述的是一堆理論和態(tài)度，它們的主要共同點(diǎn)在于相信政府是有害的，沒(méi)有必要的。

　　53. Probably no man had more effect on the daily lives of most people in the Untied States than did Henry Ford a pioneer in automobile production. 恐怕沒(méi)有誰(shuí)對(duì)大多數(shù)美國(guó)人的日常生活影響能超過(guò)汽車生產(chǎn)的先驅(qū)亨利.福特。

　　54. The use of well-chosen nonsense words makes possible the testing of many basic hypotheses in the field of language learning. 使用精心挑選的無(wú)意義詞匯，可以檢驗(yàn)語(yǔ)言學(xué)科里許多基本的假定。

　　55. The history of painting is a fascinating chain of events that probably began with the very first pictures ever made. 優(yōu)化歷史是由一連串的迷人事件組成，其源頭大概可以上溯到較早的圖畫(huà)。

　　56. Perfectly matched pearls, strung into a necklace, bring a far higher price than the same pearls told individually. 相互般配的珍珠，串成一條項(xiàng)鏈，就能賣到比單獨(dú)售出好得多的價(jià)錢。

　　57. During the eighteenth century, Little Turtle was chief of the Miami tribe whose territory became what is now Indiana and Ohio . 十八世紀(jì)時(shí)，“小烏龜”是邁阿密部落的酋長(zhǎng)，該部落的地盤(pán)就是今天的印第安那州和俄亥俄州。

　　58. Among almost seven hundred species of bamboo, some are fully grown at less than a foot high, while others can grow three feet in twenty-four hours. 在竹子的近七百個(gè)品種中，有的全長(zhǎng)成還不到一英尺，有的卻能在二十四小時(shí)內(nèi)長(zhǎng)出三英尺。

　　59. Before staring on a sea voyage, prudent navigators learn the sea charts, study the sailing directions, and memorize lighthouse locations to prepare themselves for any conditions they might encounter. 謹(jǐn)慎的航海員在出航前，會(huì)研究航向，記錄的燈塔的位置，以便對(duì)各種可能出現(xiàn)的情況做到有備無(wú)患。

　　60. Of all the economically important plants, palms have been the least studied. 在所有的經(jīng)濟(jì)作物中，棕櫚樹(shù)得到的研究較少。

　　61. Buyers and sellers should be aware of new developments in technology can and does affect marketing activities. 購(gòu)買者和者都應(yīng)該留意技術(shù)的新發(fā)展，原因很簡(jiǎn)單，因?yàn)榧夹g(shù)能夠并且已經(jīng)影響著營(yíng)銷活動(dòng)。

　　62. The application of electronic controls made possible by the microprocessor and computer storage have multiplied the uses of the modern typewriter. 電腦儲(chǔ)存和由于電子微處理機(jī)得以實(shí)現(xiàn)的電控運(yùn)用成倍的增加了現(xiàn)代打字機(jī)的功能。

　　63. The human skeleton consists of more than two hundred bones bound together by tough and relatively inelastic connective tissues called ligaments. 人類骨骼有二百多塊骨頭組成，住些骨頭石油堅(jiān)韌而相對(duì)缺乏彈性的，被稱為韌帶的結(jié)蒂組連在一起。

　　64. The pigmentation of a pearl is influenced by the type of oyster in which it develops and by the depth, temperature, and the salt content of the water in which the oyster lives. 珍珠的色澤受到作為其母體牡蠣種類及牡蠣生活水域的深度，溫度和含鹽度的制約。

　　65. Although mockingbirds superbly mimic the songs and calls of many birds, they can nonetheless be quickly identified as mockingbirds by certain aural clues. 盡管模仿鳥(niǎo)學(xué)很多種鳥(niǎo)的鳴叫聲惟妙惟肖，但人類還是能夠依其聲音上的線索很快識(shí)別它們。

　　66. Not only can walking fish live out of water, but they can also travel short distances over land. 鲇魚(yú)不僅可以離開(kāi)水存活，還可以在岸上短距離移動(dòng)。

　　67. Scientists do not know why dinosaurs became extinct, but some theories postulate that changers in geography, climate, and sea levels were responsible. 科學(xué)家不知道恐龍為何絕種了，但是一些理論推斷是地理，氣候和海平面的變化造成的。

　　68. The science of horticulture, in which the primary concerns are maximum yield and superior quality, utilizes information derived from other sciences. 主要目的在于豐富和優(yōu)質(zhì)的農(nóng)藝學(xué)利用了其他科學(xué)的知識(shí)。

　　69. Snow aids farmers by keeping heart in the lower ground levels, thereby saving the seeds from freezing. 雪對(duì)農(nóng)民是一種幫助，因?yàn)樗�保持地層土壤的溫度，使種子不致凍死。

　　70. Even though the precise qualities of hero in literary words may vary over time, the basic exemplary function of the hero seems to remain constant. 當(dāng)代文學(xué)作品中的英雄本色雖各有千秋，但其昭世功力卻是恒古不變的。

　　71. People in prehistoric times created paints by grinding materials such as plants and clay into power and then adding water. 史前的人們制造顏料是將植物和泥土等原料磨成粉末，然后加水。

　　72. Often very annoying weeds, goldenrods crowd out less hardy plants and act as hosts to many insect pests. 黃菊花通常令人生厭，它擠走不那么頑強(qiáng)的植物，并找來(lái)很多害蟲(chóng)。

　　73. Starting around 7000 B.C., and for the next four thousand years, much of the Northern Hemisphere experienced temperatures warmer than at present. 大約從公元前七千年開(kāi)始，在四千年當(dāng)中，北半球的溫度比現(xiàn)在高。

　　74. When Henry Ford first sought financial backing for making cars, the very notion of farmers and clerks owning automobiles was considered ridiculous. 當(dāng)亨利.福特較初制造汽車為尋求資金支持時(shí)，農(nóng)民和一般職員也能擁有汽車的想法被認(rèn)為是可笑的。

　　75. Though once quite large, the population of the bald eagle across North America has drastically declined in the past forty years. 北美禿頭鷹的數(shù)量一度很多，但在近四十年中全北美的禿頭鷹數(shù)量急劇下降。

　　76. The beaver chews down trees to get food and material with which to build its home. 水獺啃倒樹(shù)木，以便取食物并獲得造窩的材料。

　　77. Poodles were once used as retrievers in duck hunting, but the American Kennel Club does not consider them sporting dogs because they are now primarily kept as pets. 長(zhǎng)卷毛狗曾被用作獵鴨時(shí)叼回獵物的獵犬，但是美國(guó)Kennel Club卻不承認(rèn)它們?yōu)楂C犬，因?yàn)樗鼈儸F(xiàn)在大多數(shù)作為寵物飼養(yǎng)。

　　78. As a result of what is now know in physics and chemistry, scientists have been able to make important discoveries in biology and medicine. 物理學(xué)和化學(xué)的一個(gè)成果是使得科學(xué)家們能在生物學(xué)和醫(yī)學(xué)上獲得重大發(fā)現(xiàn)。

　　79. The practice of making excellent films based on rather obscure novels has been going on so long in the United States as to constitute a tradition. 根據(jù)默默無(wú)聞的小說(shuō)制作優(yōu)秀影片在美國(guó)由來(lái)已久，已經(jīng)成為傳統(tǒng)。

　　80. Since the consumer considers the best fruit to be that which is the most attractive, the grower must provide products that satisfy the discerning eye. 因?yàn)轭櫩驼J(rèn)為較好的水果應(yīng)該看起來(lái)也是較漂亮的，所以種植者必須提供能滿足挑剔眼光的產(chǎn)品。

　　81. Television the most pervasive and persuasive of modern technologies, marked by rapid change and growth, is moving into a new era, an era of extraordinary sophistication and versatility, which promises to reshape our lives and our world. 電視，這項(xiàng)從迅速變化和成長(zhǎng)為標(biāo)志的較普及和較有影響力的現(xiàn)代技術(shù)，正在步入一個(gè)新時(shí)代，一個(gè)極為成熟和多樣化的時(shí)代，這將重塑我們的生活和世界。

　　82. Television is more than just an electronics; it is a means of expression, as well as a vehicle for communication, and as such becomes a powerful tool for reaching other human beings. 電視不僅僅是一件電器；它是表達(dá)的手段和交流的載體并因此成為聯(lián)系他人的有力工具。

　　83. Even more shocking is the fact that the number and rate of imprisonment have more than doubled over the past twenty years, and recidivism——that is the rate for re-arrest——is more than 60 percent. 更讓人吃驚的事實(shí)是監(jiān)禁的數(shù)目和比例在過(guò)去的二十年中翻了一番還有余，以及累犯率——即再次拘押的比例——為百分之六十強(qiáng)。

　　84. His teaching began at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology, but William Rainey Harper lured him to the new university of Chicago , where he remained officially for exactly a generation and where his students in advanced composition found him terrifyingly frigid in the classroom but sympathetic and understanding in their personal conferences. 他的教書(shū)生涯始于麻省理工學(xué)院，但是William Rainey Harper把他吸引到了新成立的芝加哥大學(xué)。他在那里正式任職長(zhǎng)達(dá)整整一代人的時(shí)間。他的高級(jí)作文課上的孩子覺(jué)得他在課上古板得可怕，但私下交流卻富有同情和理解。

　　85. The sloth pays such little attention to its personal hygiene that green algae grow on its coarse hair and communities of a parasitic moth live in the depths of its coat producing caterpillars which graze on its mouldy hair. Its muscles are such that it is quits incapable of moving at a speed of over a kilometer an hour even over the shortest distances and the swiftest movement it can make is a sweep of its hooked arm. 樹(shù)獺即不講究衛(wèi)生，以至于它粗糙的毛發(fā)上生出綠苔，成群的寄生蛾生長(zhǎng)在它的皮毛深處，變成毛毛蟲(chóng)，并以它的臟毛為食。她的肌肉不能讓他哪怕在很短的距離以內(nèi)以每小時(shí)一公里的速度移動(dòng)。它能做的較敏捷的動(dòng)作就是揮一揮它彎曲的胳膊。

　　86. Artificial flowers are used for scientific as well as for decorative purposes. They are made from a variety of materials, such as way and glass, so skillfully that they can scarcely be distinguished from natural flowers. 人造花卉即可用于科學(xué)目的，也可用于裝飾目的，它們可以用各種各樣的材料制成，臂如蠟和玻璃；其制作如此精巧，幾乎可以以假亂真。

　　87. Three years of research at an abandoned coal mine in Argonne, Illinois, have resulted in findings that scientists believe can help reclaim thousands of mine disposal sites that scar the coal-rich regions of the United States . 在伊利諾州Angonne市的一個(gè)廢棄煤礦的三年研究取得了成果，科學(xué)家們相信這些成果可以幫助改造把美國(guó)產(chǎn)煤區(qū)弄得傷痕累累的數(shù)千個(gè)舊煤場(chǎng)。

　　88. When the persuading and the planning for the western railroads had finally been completed, the really challenging task remained: the dangerous, sweaty, backbreaking, brawling business of actually building the lines. 當(dāng)有關(guān)西部鐵路的說(shuō)服和規(guī)劃工作終于完成后，真正艱難的任務(wù)還沒(méi)有開(kāi)始；即危險(xiǎn)，吃力，需要傷筋動(dòng)骨和吵吵嚷嚷的建造這些鐵路的實(shí)際工作。

　　89. Because of the space crunch, the Art Museum has become increasingly cautious in considering acquisitions and donations of art, in some cases passing up opportunities to strengthen is collections. 由于空間不足，藝術(shù)博物館在考慮購(gòu)買和接受捐贈(zèng)的藝術(shù)品是越來(lái)越慎重，有些情況下放棄其進(jìn)一步改善收藏的機(jī)會(huì)。

　　90. The United States Constitution requires that President be a natural-born citizen, thirty-five years of age or older, who has lived in the United States for a minimum of fourteen years. 美國(guó)憲法要求總統(tǒng)是生于美國(guó)本土的公民，三十五歲以上，并且在美國(guó)居住了至少十四年。

　　91. Arid regions in the southwestern United States have become increasingly inviting playgrounds for the growing number of recreation seekers who own vehicles such as motorcycles or powered trail bikes and indulge in hill-climbing contests or in caving new trails in the desert. 美國(guó)西部的不毛之地正成為玩耍的地方，對(duì)越來(lái)越多擁有摩托車或越野單車類車輛的，喜歡放縱于爬坡比賽或開(kāi)辟新的沙漠通道的尋歡作樂(lè)者具有不斷增長(zhǎng)的吸引力。

　　92. Stone does decay, and so tools of long ago have remained when even the bones of the man who made them have disappeared without trace. 石頭不會(huì)腐爛，所以以前的(石器)工具能保存下來(lái)，雖然它們的制造者已經(jīng)消失的無(wú)影無(wú)蹤。

　　93. Insects would make it impossible for us to live in the world; they would devour all our crops and kill our flocks and herds, if it were not for the protection we get from insect-eating animals. 昆蟲(chóng)就將會(huì)使我們無(wú)法在這個(gè)世界上居��；如果我們沒(méi)有受到以昆蟲(chóng)為食的動(dòng)物的保護(hù)，昆蟲(chóng)就會(huì)吞嚼掉我們所有的莊稼并殺死我們飼養(yǎng)的禽獸。

　　94. It is true that during their explorations they often faced difficulties and dangers of the most perilous nature, equipped in a manner which would make a modern climber shudder at the thought, but they did not go out of their way to court such excitement. 確實(shí)，他們?cè)谔诫U(xiǎn)中遇到了具有威脅性的困難和危險(xiǎn)，而他們的裝備會(huì)讓一個(gè)現(xiàn)代登山者想一想都會(huì)渾身顫栗。不過(guò)他們并不是刻意去追求刺激的。

　　95. There is only one difference between an old man and a young one: the young man has a glorious future before him and old one has a splendid future behind him: and maybe that is where the rub is. 老人和年輕人之間只有一個(gè)區(qū)別：年輕人的前面有輝煌的未來(lái)，老年人燦爛的未來(lái)卻已在它們身后。這也許就是困難之所在。

　　96. I find young people exciting. They have an air of freedom, and they have not a dreary commitment to mean ambitions or love comfort. They are not anxious social climbers, and they have no devotion to material things. 我們位年強(qiáng)人振奮。它們帶有自由的氣息，他們不會(huì)為狹隘的野心和貪婪享受而孜孜以求。他們不是焦慮的向上爬的人，他們不會(huì)對(duì)物質(zhì)性的東西難舍難分。

　　97. I am always amazed when I hear people saying that sport creates goodwill between the nations, and that if only the common peoples of the world could meet one another at football or cricket, they would have no inclination to meet on the battlefield. 每次我聽(tīng)說(shuō)體育運(yùn)動(dòng)能夠在國(guó)家間建立起友好感情，說(shuō)世界各地的普通人只要能在足球場(chǎng)或板球場(chǎng)上相遇就會(huì)沒(méi)有興趣在戰(zhàn)場(chǎng)上相遇的話，我都倍感詫異。

　　98. It is impossible to say simply for the fun and exercise: as soon as the question of prestige arises, as soon as you feel that you and some larger unit will be disgraced if you lose, the most savage combative instincts are around. 沒(méi)有可能僅僅為了娛樂(lè)或鍛煉而運(yùn)動(dòng)：一旦有了問(wèn)題，一旦你覺(jué)得你輸了你和你所屬團(tuán)體會(huì)有失體面時(shí)，你較野蠻的好斗本能就會(huì)被激發(fā)出來(lái)。

　　99. It has been found that certain bats emit squeaks and by receiving the echoes, they can locate and steer clear of obstacles——or locate flying insects on which they feed. This echo-location in bats is often compared with radar, the principle of which is similar. 人們已經(jīng)發(fā)現(xiàn)，某些蝙蝠發(fā)出尖叫聲并靠接受回響來(lái)鎖定和避免障礙物——或者找到它們賴以為生的昆蟲(chóng)。蝙蝠這種回響定位法常拿來(lái)和原理與之很相近似的雷達(dá)相比。

　　100. As the time and cost of making a clip drop to a few days and a few hundred dollars, engineers may soon be free to let their imaginations soar without being penalized by expensive failure. 隨著芯片制造時(shí)間和費(fèi)用降低到了幾天和幾百美元，工程師們可能很快可以任他們的想象馳騁而不會(huì)被昂貴的失敗所懲罰。

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