2015初中英語(yǔ)語(yǔ)法大全(23)

4、形容詞和副詞的原級(jí)、比較級(jí)和更高級(jí)的用法：

(1)講述某人/物自身的情況時(shí),用原級(jí)�；�本句型是：

主語(yǔ)(sb./sth) + 謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞+ (very/too/so/quite/rather…) + 形容詞/副詞原級(jí)+….

如：He is very old now.(他現(xiàn)在很老了)/ They ran quite fast.(它們跑得相當(dāng)快)/ The weather looks rather bad.(天氣看上去相當(dāng)糟)/ I am so happy!(我是如此的快樂)

 ☆表示兩者之間沒有差別時(shí),使用句型：

主語(yǔ)(先進(jìn)個(gè)人物) + 謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞+ as + 形容詞/副詞原級(jí)+ as + 第二個(gè)人物+….

 如：He is as excited as his younger sister.(他和他妹妹一樣興奮)/ Lily rode her bike as slowly as an old lady.(莉莉騎車像老太太一樣慢)/ They picked as many apples as the farmers (did).(他們摘的蘋果和農(nóng)民一樣多)

☆表示先進(jìn)個(gè)人比不上第二個(gè)人時(shí),使用句型：

 主語(yǔ)(先進(jìn)個(gè)人物) + 謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞(否定式) +  as / so + 形容詞/副詞原級(jí)+ as + 第二個(gè)人物+….

如：He is not so / as excited as his younger sister.(他沒他妹妹那么興奮)/ Lily did not ride her bike so / as slowly as an old lady. (莉莉騎車不像老太太那樣慢) / They didn’t pick so / as many apples as the farmers (did). (他們摘的蘋果不如農(nóng)民多)

(2) 講述兩者有差異,先進(jìn)個(gè)人物超過第二個(gè)人物時(shí),用比較級(jí)�；�本句型：

主語(yǔ)(‘A’)+謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞+(much/a little/even/still)+形容詞/副詞比較級(jí)+than+第二個(gè)人物(‘B’)+….

如：A modern train is much faster than a car.(現(xiàn)代的火車比轎車快多了)/ This book didn’t cost me more than that one.(這本書花費(fèi)我的錢不比那本多)

講述兩者有差異,先進(jìn)個(gè)人物不及第二個(gè)人物時(shí),用比較級(jí)。句型是：

主語(yǔ)(‘A’) + 謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞+ less+ (多音節(jié)形/副)比較級(jí)+ than + 第二個(gè)人物(‘B’) +….

如：I think English is less difficult than maths.(我認(rèn)為英語(yǔ)不比數(shù)學(xué)難)/ Do you think it less important to learn a foreign language?(你認(rèn)為學(xué)外語(yǔ)不那么重要嗎？)

(3)講述某人/物是一群之中較突出的一個(gè)時(shí),用更高級(jí)。句型是：

主語(yǔ)(sb./sth) + 謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞+(the) +形容詞/副詞更高級(jí)+in / of ….

如：The Changjiang River is the longest in China.(長(zhǎng)江是中國(guó)較長(zhǎng)的河流)/ He jumped (the) highest of the three (boys).(三個(gè)男生中他跳得較高)

4、關(guān)于比較等級(jí)的重要注釋：

1、以上六個(gè)句型中,如果動(dòng)詞是及物或不及物動(dòng)詞,則后面用副詞；如果后面是連系動(dòng)詞,則后面用形容詞。如：This car is the fastest of the four.(形容詞)(這輛汽車是四輛之中較快的)/ This car runs (the) fastest of the four.(副詞)(這輛汽車是四輛之中跑得較快的)

2、“比較級(jí)+and+比較級(jí)”表示“越來越……”。如：The weather is getting warmer and warmer.(天越來越溫暖了)

3、“the+比較級(jí)…,the+比較級(jí)…”表示“越…就越…”。如：The more trees we plant,the better it will be.(我們?cè)缘臉湓蕉?情況就會(huì)越好)/ The harder you try,the greater your progress is.(你越是努力,進(jìn)步就越大)

4、一般的形容詞或副詞的比較級(jí)前面可以加much/a little/even/still,而表示數(shù)量的more之前還可以加some/ any/ no/ one/ two/ many/ several/ a lot等詞。如：It is much colder today than yesterday.(今天比昨天冷多了)/ Would you like some more coffee?(你還要些咖啡嗎？)/He did not eat any more.(他沒有再吃)