2015初中英語語法大全(25)

3、介詞短語的句法作用：

介詞短語相當(dāng)于一個形容詞或副詞,可用作狀語、定語和表語。如：The man came <down the stairs>.(狀)(那個人走下樓來)/The woman <with a flower on her head> is from the countryside.(定)(頭上戴花的婦女來自鄉(xiāng)下)/The teacher is now with the pupils.(表)(老師現(xiàn)在和孩子在一起)

4、介詞短語在句子中的位置：

介詞短語做狀語時,如果表示時間/地點,可以放在句首或句尾,如果表示方向/方式/伴隨/涉及/原因/目的/比較,一般放在句尾；介詞短語作表語時放在連系動詞之后；介詞短語作定語時,只能放在被修飾的名詞之后。如：He wanted to find a good jobin Shanghai  the next year.(狀語)(他想來年在上海找份好工作)/ They searched the room for the thief.(他們在房間里搜索小偷) / The letters are for you.(表語)(信是給你的)/ Have you seen a cat with a black head and four white legs?(定語)(你看見一只黑頭白腿的貓了嗎？)

5、重要注釋：

⑴this / that / these / those / last / next / a / every / each等詞構(gòu)成的時間短語,前面不用任何介詞。如：Every year travellers from abroad come to visit Pingyao.(每年都有國外的游客來游覽平窯鎮(zhèn))/ He had a bad cold that week.(那個星期他患重感冒)

⑵for有時用來引出動詞不定式的邏輯主語,常翻譯成“對于…而言”。如：It’s too hard for me to finish the work in only one hour.(讓我在區(qū)區(qū)一個小時內(nèi)完成這項工作太難了)/ The house is big enough for 10 men to live in.(房子夠大的可以容10個人住)

⑶of有時用來表示后面的人物正好是前面的表語的邏輯主語。如：It’s very nice/kind of you to do so.(你這么做真是太好了)

⑷介詞有時會與它的賓語分離,而且賓語前置。

(1) 當(dāng)賓語是疑問詞時。Who are you talking about?(你們在談?wù)撜l？)

(2) 賓語在從句中當(dāng)連接詞時。He has a younger brother who he must take good care of.(他有     一個需要他照顧的小弟。)/ Do you know who our teacher is talking with over there?(你知道我們的老師在那邊和什么人談話嗎？)

(3) 動詞不定式作定語且該動詞為不及物動詞,后面有介詞。I finally found a chair to sit on.(我較終找到了一張椅子坐。)

 (5) 記住一些固定詞組：arrive at/in(到達(dá)…),on foot(步行),not…at all(根本不),to the north of(在…以北),in the east of(在…的東部),in the night(在夜間),at night(在晚上),be afraid of(害怕…),be full of(充滿/ 裝滿….),be filled with(充滿/ 裝滿….),be good/bad for(對…有益/有害),be made of(由…做成),be made from(由…制造),play with(玩耍……),look out of(朝…外面看),at the end of(在…末梢/結(jié)束時),by the end of(不遲于…/到…末為止),with the help of或with one’s help(在…的幫助下),look after(照料…),look for(尋找…),on a bike(=by bike)騎車,help sb. with(幫某人做…),get on (well) with(與某人相處[融洽]),等等。