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2017高考英語(yǔ)準(zhǔn)備:現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)的被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)!2017高考正在緊張的準(zhǔn)備階段,為了方便同學(xué)們復(fù)習(xí)?以下是小編整理的資料,供同學(xué)們參考學(xué)習(xí)。
一、概念
主動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)表示主語(yǔ)為動(dòng)作的執(zhí)行者;被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)表示主語(yǔ)為動(dòng)作的承受者,F(xiàn)在完成時(shí)的被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)強(qiáng)調(diào)過(guò)去的動(dòng)作對(duì)現(xiàn)在造成的影響或結(jié)果,但主語(yǔ)為動(dòng)作的承受者,表示“……已經(jīng)被……”。如:
The new school has been set up. 新學(xué)校已經(jīng)建成了。
二、形式
現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)的被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)的肯定式為:have/ has +been +done。如:
The experiment has been done successfully. 這個(gè)實(shí)驗(yàn)做得很成功。
現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)的被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)的否定式為:have/ has +not +been +done。如:
Tom’s novel has not been published. 湯姆的小說(shuō)還沒(méi)有被出版。
現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)的被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)的一般疑問(wèn)句需將have /has提到主語(yǔ)的前面。如:
Has his bike been repaired? 他的自行車(chē)修好了嗎?
現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)的被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)的特殊疑問(wèn)句為:疑問(wèn)詞+have /has +been +done? 如:
Who has been invited? 誰(shuí)受到了邀請(qǐng)?
三、注意
在使用現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)的被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)時(shí)要注意以下四點(diǎn):
1. 過(guò)去分詞前的助動(dòng)詞的形式是have /has +been,不可漏掉其中的任何一個(gè)。
【誤】Many new buildings been built since 1980.
【正】Many new buildings have been built since 1980.
【析】謂語(yǔ)部分結(jié)構(gòu)不全,時(shí)態(tài)部分不完整。
2. 必須表示被動(dòng)。如:
【誤】Something bad has been happened to him.
【正】Something bad has happened to him.
【析】被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)誤用。happen為不及物動(dòng)詞,不及物動(dòng)詞沒(méi)有被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)。
【誤】The door has been opened of itself.
【正】The door has opened of itself.
【析】有些動(dòng)詞如open,break,drop等既可以作及物動(dòng)詞,又可以作不及物動(dòng)詞,若不強(qiáng)調(diào)誰(shuí)是動(dòng)作的發(fā)出者,我們通常用主動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)。of itself意思是“自動(dòng)地”,因此,此句不可用被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)。
【誤】I have introduced to Mr Smith.
【正】I have been introduced to Mr Smith (by Mr Wang).
【析】introduce為及物動(dòng)詞,I是introduce動(dòng)作的承受者,應(yīng)用被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)。
3. 由finish,buy, start, begin,post,return,borrow, join,marry,open等短暫性動(dòng)詞構(gòu)成的現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)的被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)不能與表示一段時(shí)間的狀語(yǔ)如for four days,for a long time等連用,如需表達(dá)這樣的意思,可改變動(dòng)詞或時(shí)態(tài)。如:
譯:這本書(shū)買(mǎi)了多久了?
誤:How long has this book been bought?
正:How long ago was this book bought?
但這類(lèi)動(dòng)詞的否定式可與since或for引導(dǎo)的表示一段時(shí)間的狀語(yǔ)連用。如:
No books have been bought since last week. 自上周以來(lái),沒(méi)有人來(lái)買(mǎi)過(guò)書(shū)。
4. 短語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞是一個(gè)不可分割的整體,在被動(dòng)結(jié)構(gòu)中要保持完整性,不可省略短語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞中的介詞或副詞。如:
The orphan has been well looked after. 這個(gè)孤兒一直受到很好的照顧。
鞏固訓(xùn)練
1. Paper money for over a thousand years.
A. used B. has been used C. has used D. is using
2. Great changes, in my hometown and you can see a lot of factories .
A. have been taken place; are being set up
B. have taken place; have been set up
C. are taken place; had been set up
D. had taken place; will be set up
3. Come and sit down by the fire. Your hands cold.
A. have been felt B. feel C. are felt D. have felt
4. The fire to the fifth floor. all the people ?
A. has got; Have; been saved
B. has been got; Have, saved
C. has got; Do; save
D. has got; Have; saved
5. —We want to sit at the table near the window.
—I’m sorry, but it already.
A. has taken B. took C. was taken D. has been taken
2017高考英語(yǔ)準(zhǔn)備:現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)的被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)!為大家分享好了,如果大家還有什么問(wèn)題可以撥打智康1對(duì)1免費(fèi)咨詢(xún)電話(huà)400-121-121,專(zhuān)業(yè)老師為同學(xué)們答疑解惑。
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