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3.一般將來時(shí)
1)表示將來打算進(jìn)行或期待發(fā)生的動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)。例如:
i shall graduate next year.
2)幾種替代形式:
1)be going to +v在口語中廣泛使用,表示準(zhǔn)備做或?qū)l(fā)生的事情。例如:
i’m going to buy a house when we’ve saved enough money.
2)be to +v表示計(jì)劃安排要做的事,具有“必要”的強(qiáng)制性意義。例如:
i am to play tennis this afternoon.
3)be about to +v表示即將發(fā)生的事情。例如:
he was about to start.
4)be due to +v表示預(yù)先確定了的事, 必定發(fā)生的事。例如:
the train is due to depart in ten minutes.
5)be on the point/verge of +v – ing 強(qiáng)調(diào)即將發(fā)生的某種事態(tài)。例如:
the baby was on the point of crying when her mother finally came home.
二、進(jìn)行時(shí)態(tài)
1.現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)
(1)表示現(xiàn)在正在進(jìn)行的動(dòng)作,常與now,right now,at the mother,for the time being,for the present等連用。例如:
don’t disturb her. she is reading a newspaper now.
(2)表示現(xiàn)階段經(jīng)常發(fā)生的動(dòng)作, 常與always,continually,forever,constantly等連用。例如:
my father is forever criticizing me.
(3)表示根據(jù)計(jì)劃或安排在較近要進(jìn)行的事情。具有這種語法功能的動(dòng)詞僅于過渡性動(dòng)詞。即表示從一個(gè)狀態(tài)或位置轉(zhuǎn)移到另一個(gè)狀態(tài)或位置上去的動(dòng)詞。常用的有:go,come,leave,start,arrive,return等。例如:
they are leaving for hong kong next month.
(4)有些動(dòng)詞不能用進(jìn)行時(shí),這是一類表示“感覺,感情,存在,從屬”等的動(dòng)詞。如:see,hear,smell,taste,feel,notice,look,appear,(表示感覺的詞);hate,love,fear,like,want,wish,prefer,refuse,forgive(表示感情的動(dòng)詞);be,exist,remain,stay,obtain(表示存在狀態(tài)的動(dòng)詞);have,possess,own,contain,belong,consist of,form(表示占有與從屬的動(dòng)詞);understand,know,believe,think,doubt,forget,remember(表示思考理解的動(dòng)詞)。但是如果它們?cè)~義改變,便也可用進(jìn)行時(shí)態(tài)。例如:
1)tom looks pale. what’s wrong with him?
(look 在此為聯(lián)系動(dòng)詞,意為“顯得,看上去”)
2)tom is looking for his books.
(look 在此為實(shí)義動(dòng)詞,意為“尋找”)
2. 過去進(jìn)行時(shí)
過去進(jìn)行時(shí)表示一個(gè)過去的動(dòng)作發(fā)生時(shí)或發(fā)生后,另一個(gè)過去的動(dòng)作正在進(jìn)行,或表示過去反復(fù)的習(xí)慣,常與always,continually,constantly等動(dòng)詞連用。例如:
1)we were discussing the matter when the headmaster entered.
2)whenever i visited him, he was always writing at the desk.