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初中英語易混淆知識點(diǎn)!同學(xué)們,上課認(rèn)真聽講,多做筆記。老師所講的都是比較重要的內(nèi)容,只有認(rèn)真聽講,多做筆記,課下才知道哪些是重點(diǎn)知識,才有重點(diǎn)的去學(xué)習(xí)。下面,小編為大家?guī)?span style="color:#f00;">初中英語易混淆知識點(diǎn)。
1、主語:句子的主體,全句述說的對象;卮鹗“誰”或者“什么”。一般由名詞、代詞、不定式、動名詞或從句擔(dān)當(dāng),位于句首。
如:The boy needs a pen.
Smoking is bad for you = To smoke is bad for you
2、謂語:說明主語的動作或狀態(tài);卮“做(什么)”。由動詞或系動詞加表語擔(dān)任,常置于主語后。如:The train leaves at 6 o’clock.
3、賓語:表示動作的對象。回答做的是“什么”。一般由名詞或代詞擔(dān)當(dāng),常置于謂語后。
如:He won the game.
He likes playing computer.
注意:
(1)有些及物動詞帶有兩個(gè)賓語,一個(gè)指物(直接賓語),一個(gè)指人(間接賓語)。間接賓語一般放在直接賓語前面。
如:He wrote me a letter . (他給我寫了一封信)
(2)有時(shí)可把介詞to或for加在間接賓語前構(gòu)成短語,放在直接賓語后面,來強(qiáng)調(diào)間接賓語。
如:He wrote a letter to me . (他給我寫了一封信)
4、表語:用以表述主語的特征、狀態(tài)、身份等。回答是“什么”或者“怎么樣”。一般由名詞或形容詞擔(dān)任,置于系動詞或be動詞之后。
如:He is a student. We are tired.
注意:除了be 系動詞外,還有一些動詞也可以用作系動詞,
(1)表感官的動詞: feel, smell, taste, sound, look, appear, seem 等。
(2)表轉(zhuǎn)變變化的動詞: become, get, grow, turn, go等。
(3)表延續(xù)的動詞: remain, keep, hold, stay, rest等。
5、定語:對名詞或代詞起修飾、限定作用的詞、短語或句子。
如:The black bike is mine.(形容詞)
The boy in blue is Jim.(介詞短語)
I have nothing to do today.(動詞不定式)
注意:
(1)當(dāng)定語修飾不定代詞如:nothing , anything , everything , something等時(shí),定語要放在其后作后置定語。例如: I tell him something interesting.
(2)不定式、短語或從句作定語時(shí),也放在被修飾的名詞之后。
例如:The boys who are in the room are playing games.
6、狀語:用以修飾動詞、形容詞、副詞及全句,通常由形容詞、代詞、數(shù)詞等擔(dān)任位置靈活。
(1)修飾形容詞或副詞時(shí),通常位于被修飾的詞之前;
如:I am very sorry.
(2)表示時(shí)間、地點(diǎn)、目的的狀語一般位于句子兩頭,強(qiáng)調(diào)時(shí)放在句首。
如:In order to cheer him up, I told him the truth.
They are writing English in the classroom.
(3)一些表示不確定時(shí)間(如:often)或程度(如:almost)的副詞狀語通常位于be動詞、助動詞、情態(tài)動詞之后,動詞之前。
如:We often help him.
He is always late for class.
7、補(bǔ)語:補(bǔ)充說明賓語怎么樣或干什么,。由n./adj./介賓/分詞/不定式等擔(dān)任。常位于賓語后。
如:He made me sad.(形容詞)
She asks me to take an umbrella.(不定式)
The war made him a soldier.(名詞)
I find him at home.(介詞短語)
I saw a cat running along the wall.(分詞)
8、同位語:通常緊跟在名詞、代詞后面,進(jìn)一步說明它的情況, 它可以由名詞、代詞、名詞性短語或從句充當(dāng)。
如:Tom, our monitor, is a handsome boy.
I myself will do the experiment.
9.賓語從句的種類
賓語從句是一種名詞性從句,在句中作及物動詞的賓語,或介詞的賓語,或形容詞的賓語。根據(jù)引導(dǎo)賓語從句的不同連詞,賓語從句可分為三類。
(1)由that引導(dǎo)的賓語從句。That只有語法作用,沒有實(shí)在的意義,在口語和非正式文體中可以省略。例如:
He said (that) he wanted to stay at home.
(2)由連接代詞who, whom, whose, what, which和連接副詞when, where, why, how引導(dǎo)的賓語從句。這些連接代詞和連接副詞在賓語從句中充當(dāng)某個(gè)成分。例如:
He asked whose handwriting was the best.
(3)由if或whether引導(dǎo)的賓語從句。If和whether在句中的意思是“是否”。例如:
I want to know if (whether) he lives there.
He asked me whether (if) I could help him.
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10.時(shí)間狀語從句
(1)時(shí)間狀語從句常用when, as, while, before, after, since, till, until, as soon as等連詞來引導(dǎo)。例如:
It was raining hard when got to school yesterday.
While he was doing his homework, the telephone rang.
(2)在時(shí)間狀語從句里,通常不用將來時(shí)態(tài),用現(xiàn)在時(shí)態(tài)表示將來的動作或狀態(tài)。例如:
I’ll ring you up as soon as I get to New York.
I will tell him everything when he comes back.
(3)在帶有till或until引導(dǎo)的時(shí)間狀語從句的主從復(fù)合句里,如果主句用肯定式,其含義是“一直到……時(shí)”,謂語動詞只能用延續(xù)性動詞。如果主句用否定式,其含義是“直到…才……”,“在……以前不……”, 謂語動詞可用瞬間動詞。例如:
The young man read till the light went out.
Let’s wait until the rain stops.
11.條件狀語從句
(1)條件狀語從句通常由if, unless引導(dǎo)。例如:
What shall we do if it snows tomorrow?
Don’t leave the building unless I tell you to.
(2)在條件狀語從句里,謂語動詞通常用現(xiàn)在時(shí)態(tài)表示將來的動作或狀態(tài)。例如:
I’ll help you with your English if am free tomorrow.
He won’t be late unless he is ill.
(3)“祈使句 + and (or)+ 陳述句” 在意思上相當(dāng)于一個(gè)帶有條件狀語從句的復(fù)合句。例如:
Hurry up, or you’ll be late.=If you don’t hurry up, you’ll be late.
12.原因狀語從句
(1)原因狀語從句通常由because, since, as引導(dǎo)。例如:
He didn’t come to school because he was ill.
As it is raining, we shall not go the zoo.
(2)because表示直接原因,語氣最強(qiáng)。Because引導(dǎo)的原因狀語從句多放在主句之后;卮鹩蓋hy提出的問題,只能用because。As和since語氣較弱,一般用來表示明顯的原因。由as和since引導(dǎo)的原因狀語從居多放在句首。例如:
Why aren’t going there?
Because I don’t want to.
13.目的狀語從句
(1)目的狀語從句通常由 so that, in order that引導(dǎo)。例如:
We started early so that we could catch the first train.
He studies hard so that he could work better in the future.
(2)so that既可引導(dǎo)目的狀語從句,又可引導(dǎo)結(jié)果狀語從句。區(qū)別這兩種從句的辦法有兩個(gè):目的狀語從句里往往帶有情態(tài)動詞can, could, may, might等;從意思上看,目的狀語從句往往表示的目的很明確。例如:
Speak clearly so that they may understand you. (目的狀語從句)
Jack is badly ill so that he has to rest. (結(jié)果狀語從句)
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